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Nervous System (O2) Flashcards

1
Q

function of eyelid

A

covers + protects eye

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2
Q

function of conjunctiva

A

covers white of eyes

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3
Q

function of retina

A

contains photoreceptor cells- extension of brain

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4
Q

function of fovea

A

responsible for the sharpest vision

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5
Q

function of optic disc

A

nerve fibers leave the eye- creates blind spot

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6
Q

function of optic nerve

A

exits at optic disk + transmits info from eye to occipital lobe

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7
Q

function of cornea

A

transparent dome that focuses light

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8
Q

function of sclera

A

communication of cornea- the white of eyes

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9
Q

function of aqueous humor

A

liquid surrounding lens

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10
Q

function of lens

A

focusing

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11
Q

function of vitreous humor

A

supports internal parts

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12
Q

function of choroid

A

contains blood vessels

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13
Q

what is the pathway light takes from the eye to the brain

A

cornea – aqueous humor – pupil – iris controls amount of light – lens – reflects through vitreous humor – onto the retina

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14
Q

what do you see with rods

A

black + white

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15
Q

what do you see with cones

A

colors- red, green, blue

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16
Q

if you see a red car, what color is being reflected

A

red

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17
Q

what is myopia

A

nearsighted

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18
Q

what is hyperopia

A

farsighted

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19
Q

what is astigmatism

A

part of your field of view is out of view

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20
Q

what eye structure is involved with glaucoma and what happens?

A

pressure from VITREOUS HUMOR damages OPTIC NERVE

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21
Q

what eye structure is involved with leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and what happens?

A

variants in the RPE65 protein expressed in PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS

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22
Q

what eye structure is involved with cataracts and what happens?

A

clouding of the LENS

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23
Q

what eye structure is involved with aniridia and what happens?

A

person is born without IRIS

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24
Q

what eye structure is involved with retinal detatchment and what happens?

A

RETINA pulls away from supportive tissue

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25
what eye structure is involved with conjunctivitis and what happens?
(pink eye) discharge in the CONJUNCTIVA, redness, itchiness
26
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
27
peripheral nervous system
cranial and spinal nerves
28
sensory input
gathering info, monitor changes in and out of the body
29
motor output
activates muscles, glands organs, to respond to stimuli
30
somatic
voluntary
31
autonomic
involuntary
32
parasympathetic
rest + digest conserves energy
33
sympathetic
fight or flight
34
pathway of stimuli through nervous system
stimulus -- sensory input; nerve fibers carry info to CNS -- PNS, CNS -- nerve fibers carry impulses away from CNS -- motor output -- somatic OR autonomic somatic -- ends autonomic -- parasympathetic OR sympathetic
35
pathway of stimuli through nervous system EXAMPLE: touching a hot pan
hot pan on stove -- receptors in hand detect dangerous levels of heat -- hand and arm muscles are triggered to contract -- autonomic reflex (involuntary) -- sympathetic (fight/flight)
36
what route does a stimulus take through the nervous system
37
how does a neuron communicate with another neuron? pathway a signal takes?
dendrite -- cell body -- along axon -- synapse (cross gap with neurotransmitters) -- dendrite
38
what are symptoms of MS
lesions (nerve cell damage in brain + spinal cord), motor problems, balance problems
39
what are the causes of MS
lesions in the brain
40
what are the treatments for MS
PT, chemo, anti-inflammatory drugs
41
function of frontal lobe
voluntary movement, social understanding, reasoning, learning, executive functions
42
disorders with frontal lobe
unusual behavior, emotional problems
43
function of parietal lobe
processes things you feel with touch, plan precise movements, big-picture perception
44
disorders with parietal lobe
hand-eye coordination, trouble recognizing object with touch, can't see big picture
45
function of occipital lobe
spatial processing, color processing
46
disorders with occipital lobe
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome- big objects appear small Visual Agnosias- brain can't process what eyes see
47
function of temporal lobe
processes hearing + smell, object + facial recognition, memory storage + recall, understanding facial expressions
48
disorders with temporal lobe
difficulty understanding words, trouble identifying
49
function of cerebellum
balance, coordination, equilibrium, skeletal muscle activity
50
disorders with cerebellum
balance problems, uncoordinated
51
function of cerebrum
divide brain into 4 lobes
52
function of corpus callosum
connect left + right brain hemispheres
53
disorders with corpus callosum
developmental delays, cognitive impairment, vision problems
54
function of thalamus
relays info from senses- sleep, learning, memory
55
disorders with thalamus
sensory loss, trouble learning, inability to sleep
56
function of hypothalamus
hormones that control body temp, heart rate, hunger
57
disorders with hypothalamus
high/low blood pressure, dehydration, weight loss/gain, infertility
58
function of pituitary gland
controls hormones
59
disorders with pituitary gland
headaches, vision problems, nausea, vomiting
60
function of midbrain
relays info for vision and hearing, motor movement, pain, sleep cycle
61
disorders with midbrain
vision problems, hearing problems
62
function of pons
links brain + spinal cord; unconscious movement + processes, controls breathing + equilibrium
63
disorders with pons
no sensory or motor function
64
function of medulla oblongata
heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure
65
disorders with medulla oblongata
respiratory failure, paralysis, loss of sensation
66
function of gyrus
allows for greater cognitive processing
67
function of sulcus
separates cerebral cortex into lobes
68
what is CTE?
repeated head injuries

Anatomy (4 decks)

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