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nervous system overview Flashcards

1
Q

ventral nerve root

A

motor (efferent) fibers passing from nerve cell bodies in the anterior horn of spinal cord gray matter to effector organs

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2
Q

dorsal nerve root

A

sensory (afferent) fibers from cell bodies in spinal (sensory) or dorsal root ganglion that exten peripherally to sensory endings and centrally to the posterior horn of spinal cord

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3
Q

posterior rami of spinal nerves

A

supply nerve fibers to back, usualy don’t merge to form plexus

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4
Q

anterior rami of spinal nerves

A

anterior and lateral regions of trunk, upper and lower limbs

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5
Q

paravertebral ganglia

A

form left and right sympathetic trunks on each side of vertebral column

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6
Q

prevertebral ganglia

A

are is plexuses that surround the origins of main branches of abdominal aorta

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7
Q

white rami communicantes

A

carry presynaptic sympathetic (efferent) from lateral horn between T1-L2, from ventral rami to sympathetic trunk, prevertebral ganglia and sensory axons from viscera to spinal cord

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8
Q

possible courses of presynaptic fibers in sympathetic trunk

A

1) ascend in trunk to synapse with a post-synaptic neuron of a higher paravertebral ganglion 2) descend 3) enter and synapse immediately with a postsynaptic nuron at that level 4) pass through sympathetic trunk w/o synapsing, continuing though an abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve to reach a prevertebral ganglia

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9
Q

gray rami

A

carries postsynaptic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic chain to the spinal nerves for distribution through the dorsal and ventral rami C1-S5

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10
Q

splanchnic nerves

A

convey visceral efferent (autonomic) and afferent fibers to and from the viscera of the body cavities

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11
Q

cranial parasympathetic outflow

A

exit gray matter of brainsterm from cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X

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12
Q

sacral parasympathetic outflow

A

exit gray matter of spinal cord S2-S4 through anterior roots of sacral spinal nerves S2-4

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13
Q

phrenic nerve

A

derives from cerival plexus, C3-5, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to pericardium and central tendon (and adjacent pleura and peritoneum); motor (lmn) and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to diaphragm

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14
Q

thoracic dorsal spinal rami

A

includes medial and lateral branch

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15
Q

medial branch of thoracic n

A

derives from thoracic dorsal rami, sensory and postganlgionic sympathetic innervation the back muscles and overlying skin; motor (lmn) innvervation of back muscles

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16
Q

lateral branch of thoracic n.

A

derives from thoracic dorsal rami, sensory and postganlgionic sympathetic innervation the back muscles and overlying skin; motor (lmn) innvervation of back muscles

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17
Q

thoracic ventral rami

A

includes intercostal and subcostal nerves

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18
Q

intercostal nerves (T1-6)

A

derives from thoracic ventral rami, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innvercation to intercostal muscles, parietal pleura and skin; motor (lmn) innervation of intercostal muscles; includes lateral cutaneous, anterior cutaneous, collateral, and intercostobrachial nerves

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19
Q

lateral cutaneous branch (T1-6)

A

derives from intercostal n. (T1-6), sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying lateral aspect of intercostal space

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20
Q

anterior cutaneous branch (T1-6)

A

derives from intercostal n. (T1-6), sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying anterior aspect of intercostal space

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21
Q

collateral branch (T1-6)

A

derives from intercostal n. (T1-6), redundant with remainder of intercostal nerve

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22
Q

intercostobrachial nerve

A

derives from T2 intercostal n, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying proximal, medial aspect of arm

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23
Q

intercostal nerve T7-11

A

thoracic ventral rami, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to intercostal muscles, anterior abdominal muscles, peripheral diaphragm, parietal pleura and parietal peritoneum; motor (lmn) innervation of intercostal muscles and muscles of anterior abdominal wall; includes lateral cutaneous, anterior cutaneous, and collateral branch

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24
Q

lateral cutaneous branch (T7-11)

A

derives from intercostal n. (T7-11), sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying lateral aspect of intercostal space and adjacent anterior abdominal wall

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25
anterior cutaneous branch (T7-11)
derives from intercostal n. (T7-11), sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying rectus abdominis muscle
26
collateral branch (T7-11)
derives from intercostal n. (T7-11), redundant with remainder of intercostal n.
27
subcostal nerve
derives from thoracic dorsal rami, T12, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to skin overlying lateral and anterior abdominal wall, parietal peritoneum and muscles of anterior abdominal wall; motor (lmn) innervation of muscles of anterior abdominal wall
28
lumbar dorsal rami
includes medial and lateral branches
29
medial branch of lumbar n.
derives from lumbar dorsal rami, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to back muscles and overlying skin; motor (lmn) innervation of back muscles
30
lateral branch of lumbar n.
derives from lumbar dorsal rami, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation to back muscles and overlying skin; motor (lmn) innervation of back muscles
31
lumbar venral rami
include iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral cutaneous n of the thigh, and muscular branches
32
iliohypogastric nerve
derives from lumbar ventral rami, L1, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying lower anterior abdominal wall; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor (lmn) innervation of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
33
ilioinguinal nerve
derives from lumbar ventral rami, L1, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying proximomedial thigh, root of the penis and scrotum or mons pubis and labium majorum; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor (lmn) innervation of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
34
genitofemoral nerve
derives from lumbar ventral rami, L1-2, includes genital and femoral branch
35
genital branch
derives from genitofemoral nerve, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying part of labium majorum or scrotum; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor (lmn) innervation of the cremaster muscle
36
femoral branch
derives from genitofemoral nerve, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying the femoral triangle
37
lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
derives from lumbar ventral rami, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the thigh
38
muscular branches of lumbar plexus
derives from lumbar ventral rami, sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor (lmn) innervation of the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles
39
sacral ventral rami
includes posterior femoral cutaneous and pudendal nerve
40
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
derives from sacral ventral rami, includes gluteal and perineal branches
41
gluteal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous n
derives from posterior femoral cutaneous n, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying part of the gluteus maximus
42
perineal branch of posterior femoral cutaneous n
derives from posterior femoral cutaneous n, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying part of the posterior aspect of the perineum
43
pudendal nerve
derives from sacral ventral rami, S2-4, includes inferior rectal nerve, perineal nerve, and dorsal nerve of clitoris or penis
44
inferior rectal nerve
derives from pudendal n, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the anus; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor (lmn) innvervation of the external anal sphincter
45
perineal nerve
derives from pudendal n, includes muscular and posterior labial or scrotal branches
46
muscular branches of perineal nerve
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and preganglionic innervation of the corpus spongiosum or bulb of the vestibule; sensry and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the spongy urethra; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor innervation of the perineal muscles
47
posterior labial or scrotal branches of the perineal nerve
sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the labia majora and minora, lower vagina and urethra or scrotum
48
dorsal nerve of clitoris or penis
derives from pudendal n, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying penis or clitoris; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the corpus cavernosum
49
cardiopulmonary splanchic nerves
derives from sympathetic trunk, carry sensory and postganglionic sympathetic axons passing from the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia to the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses
50
upper thoracic splanchnic nerves
derives from sympathetic trunk, T1-5, carry sensory and postganglionic sympathetic axons passing from the upper thoracic sympathetic chain to the aortic plexus
51
lower thoracic splanchnic nerves
derives from sympathetic trunk, T5-12 includes greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerve
52
greater splanchnic nerve
T5-9, carries preganglionic sympathetic acoms to the celiac ganglion and sensory acons from the viscera supplied by the celiac artery
53
lesser splanchnic nerve
T10-11, carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to the superior mesenteric ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
54
least splanchnic nerve
T12, carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to the aorticorenal ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries
55
lumbar splanchnic nerves
L1-5, carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to the inferior mesenteric ganglion and scattered ganglia in the hypogastric plexus, and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries
56
sacral splanchnic nerves
S1-5, carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to scattered ganglia in thein the hypogastric plexus and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries
57
celiac ganglia
prevertebral, houses postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the celiac artery
58
superior mesenteric ganglia
prevertebral, houses postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery
59
aorticorenal ganglia
prevertebral, houses postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the renal, suprarenal, and gonadal arteries
60
inferior mesenteric ganglia
prevertebral, houses postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the inferior mesenteric artery
61
cardiac plexuses
carries sensory, postganglionic sympathetic (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves) and preganglionic parasympathetic (vagal) axons innervating the heart and coronary arteries
62
pulmonary plexuses
carries sensory, postganglionic sympathetic (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves) and preganglionic parasympathetic (vagal) axons to the pulmonary and bronchial arteries, trachea and bronchi
63
celiac plexus
carries sensory, pregranglionic sympathetic (greater splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from the celiac ganglion) and preganglionic parasympathetic (vagal) axons to the viscera supplied by the celiac artery
64
superior mesenteric plexus
carries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (lesser splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from the superior mesenteric ganglion), and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (vagus) to the viscera supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
65
aorticorenal plexus
carries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (least splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from the aorticorenal ganglion), and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (vagus) to the viscera supplied by the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries
66
inferior mesenteric plexus
carries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (lumbar splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from the inferior mesenteric ganglion), and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (pelvic splanchnic) to the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery
67
hypogastric plexus
carries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (lumbar splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from scattered ganglia), and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (pelvic splanchnic nerves) to viscera supplied by the internal iliac artery
68
vagus nerve
parasympathetic, carries preganglionic parasympathetic axons innervating thoracic and abdominal viscera to the level of the left colic flexure and sensory axons innervating the same viscera, includes left recurrent laryngeal n and vagal trunk
69
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
derives from vagus n
70
vagal trunks
derives from vagus n, carries preganglionic parasympathetic axons innervating abdominal viscera to the level of the left colic flexure, and sensory axons innervating the same viscera
71
pelvic splanchnic nerves
parasympathetic, S2-4, carries sensory and preganglionic parasympathetic axons innvervating the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder, uterus and erectile tissues
72
parasympathetic pudendal nerve
carries preganglionic parasympathetic axons to the corpus spongiosum (bulb of the vestibule) and corpora cavernosa (does other functions listed elsewhere)

unit 2 (10 decks)

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