Nervous System Paper 2

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

Maintenance of internal conditions of the body

Question 2

What does homeostasis include?

Answer 2

Blood glucose concentration
pH level
Water content of body

Question 3

What is the response in a reflex action?

Answer 3

Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory neurone
Relay neurone
(Brain)
Motor neurone
Effector
Response

Question 4

What is a stimulus?

Answer 4

A change in environment that causes the body to respond

Question 5

What is a receptor?

Answer 5

The organ (skin) that detects to stimulus by transmitting electrical impulses to the brain

Question 6

What is a neurone?

Answer 6

A specialised nerve cell that transmits electrical impulses

Question 7

What is an effector and examples?

Answer 7

The organ that brigs about a response as a result of a stimulus
Glands
Muscles

Question 8

What is the coordination centre?

Answer 8

Brain, spinal cord
Receives electrical impulses from receptors and generates signals to bring about a response

Question 9

What is a reflex action?

Answer 9

A subconscious reaction that reducs risk of harm

Question 10

What makes an reaction reflex?

Answer 10

Through spinal cord

Question 11

What is a synapse?

Answer 11

Gap between neurones

Question 12

How are electrical impulses transmitted through neurones?

Answer 12

Pre synaptic neurone has neurone transmitters that release chemicals into synapse
These diffuse over synapse and attach to receptors on post synaptic neurone.

Question 13

What is the function of the optical nerve?

Answer 13

Sends electrical impulses to the brain

Question 14

What is hypertopia and myopia?

Answer 14

Long and short sightedness

Question 15

What are two ways a student can improve a reaction time practical?

Answer 15

Drop the ruler from the same height
Same type/weight of ruler

Question 16

What does the ciliary muscle do?

Answer 16

Change shape of lens to focus

Question 17

Define accurate

Answer 17

A measurement close to true value

Question 18

Define precise

Answer 18

Repeated measurements that are close in value

Question 19

What is reaction time?

Answer 19

How long it takes for you to react to a stimulus

Question 20

What does the cerebellum control?

Answer 20

Coordinating muscular activity and balance

Question 21

What does the cerebral cortex do?

Answer 21

Control consciousness, memory and language

Question 22

How does the nervous system coordinate a reflex action? (6)

Answer 22

(1)Receptor detects stimulus
(2) causes sensory neurone to send electrical impulses to the spinal cord (3) across a synapse where chemical signals are transmitted to relay neurone. Then electrical impulses are sent to motor neurone where an effector is able to bring about a response

Question 23

Name method that doctors can use to find out how damaged brain is?

Answer 23

CT scan
MRI scan

Question 24

Explain why a long sighted person has difficulty seeing near objects clearly?

Answer 24

Light focus behind retina because their lens can’t get thick enough to have light focus on retina

Question 25

How can lenses correct long sightedness?

Answer 25

Convex lenses allow light to be refracted to move focus of the light to on the retina, creating a clear image

Question 26

Response is?

Answer 26

Rapid

Question 27

Effect is?

Answer 27

Temporary and reversible

Question 28

Transmission and communication?

Answer 28

By neurone through electrical impulses

Question 29

Response is?

Answer 29

Localised and short lived

Question 30

Suggest how the fMRI scanner could help to find out more about the brain damage a person has?

Answer 30

You can ask people to do different specific tasks while taking a scan to see which part of the brain is active/ inactive This allows us to see which part of the brain is working so we can then compare with a person without brain damage to see where the damage is

Question 31

Describe how the brain receives information about light entering the eye?

Answer 31

retina sensitive to light allow retina detects light allow rods / cones to detect light. Then, electrical impulses pass along sensory neurone to optic nerve that sends information to the brain

Question 32

What does medulla do?

Answer 32

Controls unconscious activities such as heartbeat, swallowing, and breathing

Question 33

What can brain damage cause?

Answer 33

Loss of specific functions such as damage to cerebellum can cause loss of movement