Nervous System - Part 2

Question 1

What type of input does each neuron usually receive from many neurons?

Answer 1

Synaptic input

Question 2

What is the name of the terminal membrane facing a dendrite or the soma of the target neuron?

Answer 2

Presynaptic terminal

Question 3

What is the name of a space that separates the presynaptic terminal from the target cell?

Answer 3

Synaptic cleft

Question 4

What is the name of the target cell membrane?

Answer 4

Postsynaptic membrane

Question 5

What is the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a response to occur?

Answer 5

Threshold

Question 6

What is a propagating change of the resting membrane potential?

Answer 6

Action potential

Question 7

What is the result of the differential separation of charged ions across the membrane?

Answer 7

Resting membrane potential

Question 8

Where do positive charges tend to accumulate?

Answer 8

Immediately outside the cell membrane

Question 9

Where do excess negative charges tend to accumulate?

Answer 9

Immediately inside the cell membrane

Question 10

Does the inside of the cell become more positive or negative with respect to the exterior?

Answer 10

More negative

Question 11

What are the 2 types of postsynaptic potentials?

Answer 11

Excitatory and inhibitory

Question 12

What can change the resting membrane potential of neurons and muscle cells?

Answer 12

The result of synaptic signaling from other cells

Question 13

What does the synaptic signaling from other cells lead to the formation of?

Answer 13

Postsynaptic potentials

Question 14

What type of polarization occurs during excitatory postsynaptic potential?

Answer 14

Depolarization

Question 15

Does the membrane potential during excitatory postsynaptic potential become more negative or positive?

Answer 15

Positive

Question 16

Does the membrane potential during inhibitory postsynaptic potential become more negative or positive?

Answer 16

Negative

Question 17

What type of polarization occurs during inhibitory postsynaptic potential?

Answer 17

Hyperpolarization

Question 18

Where are EPSPs and IPSPs summated at?

Answer 18

The axon hillock

Question 19

What are the 2 summations?

Answer 19

Spatial and temporal

Question 20

What is generated if the graded potential exceeds the threshold?

Answer 20

An action potential

Question 21

What occurs at the initial axon segment?

Answer 21

The action potential

Question 22

Glycine binds to iontropic receptors for chlorine molecules, which are negative, creating a negative influx into the cell, which one of the postsynaptic potentials is this describing?

Answer 22

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Question 23

Acetylcholine binds to iontropic receptors for sodium molecules, which are positive, creating a positive influx into the cell, which one of the postsynaptic potentials is this describing?

Answer 23

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

Question 24

What happens when a excitatory neuron fires 2 signals in a row?

Answer 24

Membrane becomes less negative, but not as high as the threshold

Question 25

What happens when 2 neurons each fire a signal at the same time?

Answer 25

Spatial summation occurs- meaning they produce a membrane potential together that is higher than only one, from different areas of the neuron

Question 26

What happens when 2 neurons each fire 2 excitatory signals at the same time?

Answer 26

Temporal and spatial summation occur- the produced wave surpasses the threshold potential

Question 27

What type of channels are at the end of the presynaptic terminal?

Answer 27

Calcium

Question 28

What is it called when the membrane potential declines after it has reached the climax, but hasn’t come back down to the threshold yet?

Answer 28

Repolarization