Nervous system test

Question 1

Functions of the CNS

Answer 1

Receive and process information
Regulate all bodily activities

Question 2

Structures of the Nervous System

Answer 2

nerves, brain, spinal cord, sensory organs

Question 3

Structure of the nerve

Answer 3

ganglion, innervations, plexus, receptors, stimulus

Question 4

receptors

Answer 4

sites in the sensory organs that receive external stimulation to be sent to the brain for interpretation

Question 5

Structures of neurons and their functions LABEL
dendrites, axon, terminal end fibers

Answer 5

Dendrites: root like processes that receive the impulse and conduct them to the cell body
Axon: process that extends away from the cell body and conducts the impulse away the nerve cell
Terminal End Fibers: branching fibers at the end of the axon
Synapse: space between 2 neurons or between a neuron and a receptor organ

Question 6

neurotransmitters

Answer 6

substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor

Question 7

myelin sheath

Answer 7

the covering made up of glial cell, white sheath forms white matter of brain, covers some parts of spinal cord, covers axon of most peripheral nerve

Question 8

structures and functions of meninges LABEL

Answer 8

system of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord, 3 layers of connective tissue, dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater

Question 9

reflexes

Answer 9

automatic, involuntary response to some change inside or outside body, ex. change in heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, response to pain stimuli

Question 10

Specialized peripheral nerve types and functions

Answer 10

autonomic: carry instructions to and from the autonomic nervous system
Sensory: receive external stimuli, transmits it to the brain where it is interpreted
somatic: convey info that controls the body’s voluntary muscular movements

Question 11

Autonomic nervous system divisions/functions
sympathetic, parasympathetic

Answer 11

control involuntary actions and functions of internal organs
S: prepares body for emergencies and stress by increasing breathing/heart rate, and blood flow to muscles
P: returns body to normal after a response to stress, also maintains normal body functions during ordinary circumstances

Question 12

cerebrum structure and function
hemispheres

Answer 12

Largest and uppermost portion
Responsible for:Thought, Judgment, Memory, & Emotion, Controlling and integrating motor and sensory function
Left cerebral hemisphere - controls most functions of the right side of the body
Right cerebral hemisphere - controls most functions of the left side of the body
The crossing of the nerve fibers the make this arrangement possible happens in the brain stem
Cerebral hemispheres are subdivided to create pairs of cerebral lobes
Named for the bone of the cranium that covers it
Frontal lobe - controls skilled motor function memory and behavior
Parietal lobe - receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptor
Occipital lobe - controls eyesight
Temporal lobe - controls hearing, smell and the ability to create, store, and access new info
access new information

Question 13

temporal lobe

Answer 13

controls hearing, smell and the ability to create, store, and access new information

Question 14

hypothalamus

Answer 14

controls heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, digestive tract activity, regulates emotional response, body temp, food intake/hunger sensation, water balance/thirst, sleep-wakefulness cycles, pituitary gland/endo syst

Question 15

cerebellum

Answer 15

2nd largest part of brain, smooth coordinated movements, maintain equilibrium, sustain normal posture, receives incoming messages regarding movement within joints, muscle tone and positions of the body

Question 16

cranial nerves

Answer 16

12 pairs. 31 pairs spinal

Question 17

encephalocele

Answer 17

congenital herniation of brain tissue through a gap in the skull

Question 18

meningocele

Answer 18

congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column

Question 19

hydrocephalus

Answer 19

a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain

Question 20

meningitis

Answer 20

inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord. this condition which can be fatal is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection

Question 21

dementia

Answer 21

slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgement, that is often accompanied by personality changes

Question 22

reye’s syndrome

Answer 22

potentially serious or deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion. this syndrome usually follows a viral illness in which the child was treated with aspirin

Question 23

concussion

Answer 23

violent shaking up or jarring of the brain. may result in a temporary loss of awareness and function

Question 24

cranial hematomas

Answer 24

collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain
epidural- located above dura mater
subdural-below dura mater

Question 25

lethargy

Answer 25

lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness and apathy

Question 26

stupor

Answer 26

an unresponsive state from which a person can be aroused only briefly and with vigorous, repeated attempts

Question 27

syncope

Answer 27

aka fainting, the brief loss of consciousness caused by decreased flow of blood to the brain

Question 28

delirium

Answer 28

an acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking and memory, agitation and hallucinations

Question 29

ischemic stroke

Answer 29

most common type of stroke in older people, occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked

Question 30

hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 30

aka bleed, also occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks

Question 31

somnambulism

Answer 31

aka sleepwalking, the condition of walking or performing some other activity without awakening

Question 32

myelitis

Answer 32

the inflammation of the spinal cord

Question 33

lou gehrig’s disease

Answer 33

aka amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles. patient becomes progressively weaker until they are completely paralyzed and die

Question 34

bell’s palsy

Answer 34

temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only of the affected side of the face

Question 35

sciatica

Answer 35

inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain, burning and tingling along the course of the affected sciatic nerve through the thigh, leg, and foot

Question 36

epilepsy

Answer 36

chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity

Question 37

coma

Answer 37

deep unresponsive/unconsciousness sleep, absence of spontaneous eye movement, response to pain stimuli, and speech

Question 37

functions of PNS

Answer 37

transmit nerve signals to and from the CNS

Question 38

anesthesiologist

Answer 38

physician who administers anesthesia

Question 39

cephalgia

Answer 39

headache, pain in head