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1
Q

Abruptio placentae

A

Disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before birth, leading cause of fetal death

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2
Q

Alopecia

A

hair loss/baldness

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3
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language. It is marked by progressive deterioration that affects both memory and reasoning capabilities of an individual

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4
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A

aka lou gehrig’s disease, causes progressive weakness of voluntary muscles

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5
Q

Andropause

A

aka ADAM, androgen decline in the aging male, a progressive decrease of testosterone that usually begins in the late 40s

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6
Q

Aphthous ulcer

A

Aka canker sore or mouth ulcers, are grey-white pits with a red border in the soft tissue lining the mouth. Exact cause unknown but associated with stress, certain foods, and fever

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7
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of spontaneous respiration

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8
Q

Asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways

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9
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow breathing, less than 10 breaths per minute

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10
Q

Bruit

A

abnormal sound heard during auscultation of an artery, usually due to a partially blocked, narrowed, or diseased artery

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11
Q

Bruxism

A

The involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension and stress

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12
Q

Cervical dysplasia

A

presence of precancerous changes in the cells of the cervix that can be detected on a pap smear

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13
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

aka pinkeye, inflammation of the eye caused by infection or allergy

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14
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however it is most often found in the ileum and colon. Results in thickening and scarring of the wall of the affected area.

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15
Q

Crust

A

aka scab, collection of dried cellular debris or serum

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16
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

A undescended testicle, a developmental defect in which 1 or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum

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17
Q

Cushing’s Disease

A

prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol (corticosteroid) causes a moon face

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18
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by the lack of adequate oxygen

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19
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia that is due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

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20
Q

Dyspnea

A

“Shortness of breath” difficult or labored breathing

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21
Q

Graves’ Disease

A

unknown cause, immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates excessive amounts of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism)

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22
Q

Halitosis

A

characterized by unpleasant odor from the mouth

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23
Q

Hashimoto’s Disease

A

autoimmune disease that causes the body’s own antibodies to attack and destroy the thyroid gland cells, often leads to hypothyroidism

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24
Q

Heart murmur

A

abnormal sound that most commonly signifies defective heart valves

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25
Hematoma
swelling of clotted blood in tissues
26
Ischemic stroke
most common in older people, Occurs when flow of blood to brain is blocked
27
Lung cancer
Condition in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the lung, leading cause of cancer deaths in US
27
Macule
flat spots on the skin such as freckles
28
Menarche
beginning of the menstrual function
29
Menopause
termination of the menstrual function during middle age
29
Multiple Sclerosis
MS, a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheaths. This scars the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves and disrupts the transmission of nerve impulses. The damage leaves the patient with varying degrees of pain plus physical and cognitive problems.
30
Myopia
nearsightedness
31
Nocturnal enuresis
Bed wetting/incontinence while sleeping
32
Nystagmus
involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyeball
33
Oligospermia
Abnormally low sperm count of below 20 million/mL
34
Parkinson’s
degenerative central nervous disorder with loss of control over movement
35
Perimenopause
phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all
36
Pustule
37
Rale
crackle-like sound during inspiration
38
Salpingitis
inflammation of a fallopian tube
39
Stridor
high-pitched musical sound caused by blockage in the throat or larynx
40
Type I vs. Type II diabetes
insulin deficiency disorder vs insulin resistance disorder
40
Ureterolith
a stone located anywhere along the ureter
40
Urinary hesitancy
difficulty starting a urinary stream
41
Verrucae
Small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus; also known as warts
42
Walking pneumonia
Caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae and is milder but longer-lasting
43
Wheal
small bumps that itch and are often caused by an allergic reaction
43
Epinephrine
aka adrenaline, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system
44
Norepinephrine
a hormone and neurohormone, plays role in fight or flight by raising blood pressure, strengthening heartbeat, and stimulating muscle contractions
45
Neurotransmitters
chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptors
45
Glucagon
stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose
46
Pineal gland
influences the sleep wake cycle with melatonin
46
Thymus gland
secretes thymosin, posterior to the sternum
47
Alveoli
air sacs that are covered with capillaries where gas exchange takes place
48
Hormones
chemical messenger with specialized functions that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into bloodstream
49
Structures of the respiratory system
49
Dura mater
thick outermost meninges layer
50
Pia mater
third layer, consists of delicate connective tissue that contains a rich supply of blood vessels
51
Arachnoid membrane
second layer of the meninges, resembling a spider web
52
Sympathetic vs. parasympathetic nerves
53
Cranial nerves
12 pairs, named with Roman numerals and for the area or function they serve
54
Myelin sheath
protective covering made of glial cells that covers parts of the spinal cord
54
Placenta
temporary organ that forms within the uterus, allows for the exchange of nutrients and oxygen and waste between mother, and produces hormones to maintain the pregnancy
55
Liver
removes excess glucose from the blood stream and stores it as glycogen, destroys old erythrocytes, removes toxins from blood, secretes bile and enzymes which aid in digestion of fat
56
Pyloric sphincter
controls flow from stomach to small intestine
56
Lower esophageal sphincter
muscular ring that controls the transfer of food from the pharynx to the stomach
57
Different parts of the colon
57
Renal cortex vs. medulla
outer region of kidney, contains over a million nephrons vs inner region, contains most of the urine collecting tubules
57
Glomerulus
cluster of capillaries found in each nephron
58
Urethral meatus
external opening of the urethra
59
Layers of the epidermis
60
Eustachian tubes
61
Structures of the retina
62
Pleural cavity
space between the two layers of the pleura which contains a lubricating fluid that decreases friction between the membranes during the breathing process
63
Accessory organs of the digestive system
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
64
What is an obstetrician?
physician specializing in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately afterward
65
What is an orchiopexy?
Repair of an undescended testicle
66
What is an oophorectomy?
Surgical removal of both ovaries
67
When does an embryo become a fetus?
after 8th week/9th week
68
Know the examination positions.
69
What is auscultation?
listening for sounds within the body using a stethoscope
70
What is a radiologist?
specializes in diagnosing in and treating an injury using x-rays and other forms of radiant energy
71
What is transesophageal echocardiography?
ultrasound image of the heard performed from inside the esophagus
72
What is computed tomography?
uses a fan shaped xray beam that rotates around the patient, produces multiple cross-section views of the body
72
What is positron emission tomography?
combine tomography with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images of selected organ or body areas
73
What is palliative care?
treatment that eases symptoms but does not cure the disease
74
Know the difference in complementary and alternative medicine.
75
What is the practice of homeopathy?
the use of plant or mineral substances diluted in water or alcohol
75
What is meant by “perfusion of an organ”?
blood flow through an organ
76
What are contraindications?
factor in the patient’s conditions that makes use of a medication dangerous
77
What is a paradoxical reaction?
result of medical treatment that yields the opposite of expected results
78
What is an eructation?
Act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
79
What is peristalsis?
wave like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
80
What is specific gravity (urinalysis)?
amount of wastes, minerals and solids present, low-diabetes insipidus high-can indicate dehydration, liver failure or shock
81
What is a red blood cell count?
number of erythrocytes in the blood, low count can indicate anemia
82
What is the term for vomiting?
emesis
83
What is the body’s response to an allergen?
redness, itching, burning, possible anaphylaxis, releases histamines

medterm (22 decks)

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