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1.1 Histology, Anatomy and Physiology > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What does nervous tissue include?

2

A

Nerve cells

Glia

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2
Q

What does the nervous system include?

A

It includes all the nervous tissue of the body

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3
Q

What are the functional units of the nervous system?

A

Nerve cells

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4
Q

What are nerve cells also called?

A

Neurons

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5
Q

What are neurons protected and supported by?

A

Neuroglia or glia

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6
Q

How many different structures of neurons are there?

A

Four

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7
Q

Classify neurons by structure.

A

Anaxonic neuron

Bipolar neuron

Unipolar neuron

Multipolar neuron

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8
Q

Classify neurons by function.

3

A

Sensory neurons

Interneurons

Motor neurons

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9
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

They bring nerve signals to the brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

What do interneurons do?

A

They bring nerve signals from one nerve cell to another within the brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

They bring nerve signals away from the brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

What are the three main parts of a neuron?

A

Dendrites

Axons

Synapses

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13
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

They receive inputs

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14
Q

What do axons do?

A

Electrical signals travel out along the axon

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15
Q

What do synapses do?

A

A chemical is released at the synapse

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16
Q

What are sensory receptors?

A

They are structures that respond to stimuli

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17
Q

From where do nerve cells receive signals?

A

From sensory receptors or other neurons in a circuit

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18
Q

What part of the neuron receives a signal?

A

The dendrite

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19
Q

Where is the dendrite of a neuron located?

A

Around the cell body

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20
Q

What is the cell body also called?

A

Soma

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21
Q

What do neurons do when they receive signals?

3

A

They respond to incoming signals

The cell body decided on response

Response is carried on an axon (AP)

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22
Q

What do axons communicate with?

2

A

Other neurons

Effectors - usually muscle to make a response

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23
Q

What do axons do?

A

They create and pass electrical signals (AP) along their length

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24
Q

How long is the longest axon?

A

1m in length

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25
What is the end of the axon called?
The synaptic terminal
26
What are released from the synaptic terminal?
Chemicals
27
Where do nerves communicate?
At a synapse
28
What is a synaptic cleft also called?
Junction gap
29
What is a junction gap?
Synaptic cleft
30
Classify reflexes | 4
By processing site By complexity of circuit By response By development
31
What are the two different reflexes that are differentiated by processing site?
Spinal reflexes Cranial reflexes
32
What are spinal reflexes?
Processing in the spinal cord
33
What are cranial reflexes?
Processing in the brain
34
What are the two different reflexes that are differentiated by complexity of circuit?
Monosynaptic Polysynaptic
35
What is a monosynaptic reflex?
One synapse
36
What is a polysynaptic reflex?
Multiple synapses (two to several hundred)
37
What are two different reflexes that are differentiated by development?
Innate reflexes Acquired reflexes
38
What are innate reflexes?
They are genetically determined
39
What are acquired reflexes?
They are learned reflexes
40
What are two different reflexes that are differentiated by response?
Somatic reflexes Visceral (autonomic) reflexes
41
What are somatic reflexes? | 2
Control skeletal muscle contractions Include superficial and stretch reflexes
42
What are visceral (autonomic) reflexes?
Control actions of smooth and cardiac muscles, gland
43
What is a nerve reflex?
A fast, predictable, protective, automatic (subconscious) response to a stimulus
44
What is the circus involved in a nerve reflex?
A reflex arc
45
What are the five parts of a reflex arc?
Sensory receptor structure Sensory nerve cell Interneuron(s) (in most cases) Motor nerve cell Effector
46
What does the CNS include?
Brain and spinal cord
47
What does a reflex pathway involve?
The central nervous system The peripheral nerves
48
What do the peripheral nerves include? | 3
Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Sensory receptors
49
Where is sensory information processed?
In the central nervous system
50
What is grey matter? | 2
Grey matter of the brain and spinal cord is where nerve cell bodies are concentrated This is also the site of incoming signals (and therefore synapses)
51
Why is grey matter grey?
Because of cell body structures
52
What is the function of grey matter?
Decisions are made in the grey parts of the brain and spinal cord
53
Where is grey matter mostly present in the brain?
Grey matter is mostly on the outside of brain tissue
54
Where is grey matter mostly present in the spinal cord?
The centre of the spinal cord
55
What is white matter?
White matter of the brain and spinal cord is where bundles of axons are found
56
What is the function of white matter?
This is because white matter consists of the connections between one part of the brain and another
57
Why is white matter white?
White because of fatty tissue (myelin) in the glial cells that surround the axon
58
List the events in the flow of information. | 6
Sensory receptor Sensory neuron Integration Interneuron Motor neuron Effector cells
59
What is grey matter?
This is where information from one neuron is passed onto another neuron -> this involves processing
60
What is white matter?
Where information is brought from one part of the CNS to another ->this involves pathways
61
What is neuroglia?
Nervous tissue that support neurons
62
What are schwann cells?
Surround axons in Peripheral nervous system
63
What do schwann cells do? | 2
They are responsible for myelination of peripheral axons Participate in repair process after injury
64
Explain the central nervous system (CNS). | 3
Brain and spinal cord Divided into grey and white matter Supported by glia, CT and blood vessels
65
Explain the Peripheral nervous system (PNS). | 3
Cranial and spinal nerves Nerves can have both sensory and motor axons Nerves are supported by glia, CT and blood

1.1 Histology, Anatomy and Physiology (40 decks)

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