Nervous Tissue Flashcards
(30 cards)
What 2 systems make up the nervous system?
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
What makes up the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
What system receives sensation regarding the condition of the body as well as the outside environment?
Sensory nervous system
What system delivers signals to the muscles and glands in the body so they can perform some type of action?
Motor nervous system
What system receives and processes sensory info we are generally aware of (touch, pain, vision, hearing, taste, smell)?
Somatic sensory system
What system receives and processes sensory info we aren’t generally aware of (oxygen and co2 in the blood, amount of metabolic waste products in our blood, core body temperature, where food is in our digestive tract, composition of food we eat)?
Visceral sensory system
What system delivers nerve impulses to skeletal muscle (which we generally activate involuntarily)?
Somatic motor system
What system delivers nerve impulses to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and the glands of the body?
Visceral (autonomic) motor system
-basic structural unit of nervous system
have a high metabolic rate and depend on a constant supply of glucose and oxygen
-have extreme longevity
-can change but cannot divide
Neuron
What does the cell body of the unipolar neurons do?
Control center; retrieves, integrates, and sends nerve impulses
What does the peripheral process of the unipolar neurons do?
Carry sensory info from skin to cell body
What does the dendrites of the unipolar neurons do?
Detect touch, pain, temperature, and vibration from skin
What does the central process of the unipolar neurons do?
Send impulses from the cell body to central nervous system
What does the short single process of the unipolar neurons do?
Connects central and peripheral process to cell body
What does the cell body of the multipolar neurons do?
Control center; receives, integrates, and sends nerve impulses
What does the dendrites of the multipolar neurons do?
Conduct nerve impulses toward cell body to be processed
What does the axon of the multipolar neurons do?
Transmit nerve impulses away from cell body
What’s the process of how sensory info travels?
- Carried by unipolar neurons into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
- Multipolar neurons in the dorsal process the info and decide where to send it
- They decide to either send it straight to the brain or directly to the motor neurons in the ventral horn
- Then the motor neurons send the impulses to the muscles and glands of the body
-assist neurons with their functions
-found within the central and peripheral nervous system
-physically protect and help nourish neurons
Glial cells
-type of glial cell
-exhibit a starlike shape due to many processes
-holds nerve cells in place
-help to form Blood-Brain-Barrier
Astrocytes
What is the Blood-Brain-Barrier?
Network of blood vessels that helps keep harmful substances from reaching the brain
-type of glial cell
-cuboidal cells that line internal cavities of brain and central cord
-have cilia
-help line the ventricle of the brain
Ependymal cells
-type of glial cell
-smallest
-remove debris from dead or damaged neurons
Microglia
