Nervous Tissue

Question 1

Which of the following is a component of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Answer 1

Spinal Cord & Brain

Question 2

A mixed nerve contains

Answer 2

sensory and motor nerve fibers

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a part of the peripheral nervous system?

Cranial Nerve
Ganglion
Spinal Cord
Spinal Nerve

Answer 3

Spinal Cord

Question 4

The _________ portion of the motor division of the nervous system conducts action potentials from the central nervous system to skeletal muscle fibers.

Answer 4

Somatic

Question 5

The _________ division of the nervous system conducts actions potentials from the central nervous system to cardiac muscle.

Answer 5

Autonomic

Question 6

The sensory division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is known as the _________ division.

Answer 6

afferent

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true?

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in ganglia near the spinal cord.

Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are located within the CNS.

Cell bodies of the first neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in autonomic ganglia.

Interneurons are located entirely within the CNS.

Answer 7

Cell bodies of the first neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in autonomic ganglia.

Question 8

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are subdivisions of the

Answer 8

autonomic nervous system.

Question 9

Which of the following effectors in NOT innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

cardiac muscle

glands

skeletal muscle

smooth muscle

Answer 9

skeletal muscle

Question 10

The _________ division of the peripheral nervous system conducts actions potentials from the central nervous system to cardiac muscle.

Answer 10

autonomic

Question 11

Which one of the following types of neuroglial cells is found in the peripheral nervous system?

microglia
Schwann cells
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes

Answer 11

Schwann cells

Question 12

Which of the following types of neurons has a single process extending from the cell body which later divides a short distance away into central and peripheral processes?

Answer 12

unipolar

Question 13

Which of the following types of neuroglia are found in the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain, and produce cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 13

ependymal cells

Question 14

Which of the following is involved in the myelination of axons of the central nervous system?

Answer 14

oligodendrocytes

Question 15

Collections of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system are called

Answer 15

nuclei

Question 16

How are Bipolar neurons different than other neurons?

Answer 16

are located in special sensory organs such as the retina.

Question 17

Microglia are

Answer 17

specialized macrophages of the CNS that mobilize in response to inflammation.

Question 18

Nodes of Ranvier are

Answer 18

interruptions in the myelin sheath along the course of a myelinated axon

Question 19

White matter consists of

Answer 19

myelinated axons

Question 20

Gray matter consists of

Answer 20

Neuron cell bodies & unmylinated axons

Question 21

Which of the following is found in the central nervous system?

ganglion
nerve
tract
Schwann cell

Answer 21

tract

Question 22

When a nerve cell membrane changes from positive inside to negative inside, the cell membrane is undergoing

Answer 22

repolarization

Question 23

Which type of propagation occurs along a myelinated axon?

Answer 23

saltatory

Question 24

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the resting membrane potential?

The membrane is relatively more permeable to potassium ions than to sodium ions.

Potassium ions are constantly moving out of the cell down their concentration gradient.

Sodium ions are in relatively higher concentration inside the cell than outside.

The membrane is relatively permeable to chloride ions.

Answer 24

Sodium ions are in relatively higher concentration inside the cell than outside.

Question 25

During the repolarization phase of an action potential, which of the following is the primary activity? Sodium ions are flowing out of the cell. Sodium ions are flowing into the cell. Potassium ions are flowing into the cell. Potassium ions are flowing out of the cell.

Answer 25

Potassium ions are flowing out of the cell.

Question 26

The threshold of a neuron is the

Answer 26

voltage that triggers activation of voltage-gated channels.

Question 27

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which of the following situations exists? The membrane is becoming less permeable to all ions. The inside of the membrane is becoming more negative with respect to the outside. The membrane potential remains constant. The inside of the membrane is becoming more positive with respect to the outside.

Answer 27

The inside of the membrane is becoming more positive with respect to the outside.

Question 28

Local potentials have ALL of the following characteristics EXCEPT propagation. variation of amplitude. comparatively long duration. no refractory period.

Answer 28

propagation.

Question 29

In the resting state of the membrane, which of the following situations exists for voltage-gated sodium ion channels? The activation and inactivation gates alternate being closed and open. The inactivation gate is open and the activation gate is closed The activation and inactivation gates are both closed. The activation gate is open and the inactivation gate is closed.

Answer 29

The inactivation gate is open and the activation gate is closed

Question 30

Release of which neurotransmitter leads to the excitation and contraction of skeletal muscles?

Answer 30

acetylcholine

Question 31

Which substance is thought to reduce the perception of pain by inhibiting substance P? endorphin dopamine glutamine histamine

Answer 31

endorphin

Question 32

Skeletal muscle fibers in your arm relax because of spinal cord motor neuron inhibition by what neurotransmitter?

Answer 32

glycine

Question 33

Parkinson's disease is associated with a decreased secretion of what neurotransmitter?

Answer 33

dopamine (Destruction of dopamine secreting neurons leads to a loss of voluntary muscle control)

Question 34

Amphetamines produce a state of increased alertness and wakefulness by increasing the release and blocking the reuptake of what neurotransmitter?

Answer 34

norepinephrine

Question 35

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is: always excitatory in the human body. also a hormone. actively transported back into synaptic end bulbs. None of the above.

Answer 35

None of the above.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT true concerning an electrical synapse? Connexons carry ions between the two communicating cells. Information travels in one direction only. This type of synapse is characteristic of cardiac muscle. Information transfer does not involve the release of neurotransmitters.

Answer 36

Information travels in one direction only.

Question 37

When a depolarization wave reaches the synaptic end bulb of a presynaptic neuron, the NEXT event is

Answer 37

diffusion of calcium ions into the cell.

Question 38

A neurotransmitter that allows sodium ions to leak into a postsynaptic neuron causes no changes in the resting potential damage to the myelin sheath excitatory postsynaptic potentials an alteration of the membrane threshold

Answer 38

excitatory postsynaptic potentials

Question 39

A drug called a "monoamine-oxide inhibitor" might be expected to cause

Answer 39

increased levels of norepinephrine at a synapse.

Question 40

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase insures that

Answer 40

the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction has a short duration of action.

Question 41

A single motor neuron in the central nervous system, which receives a number of EPSPs and IPSPs simultaneously, illustrates which type of neuronal circuit?

Answer 41

converging

Question 42

A single stimulus that elicits several responses involves which type of neuronal circuit?

Answer 42

diverging

Question 43

The generation of an action potential in response to spatial summation illustrates which type of neuronal circuit?

Answer 43

converging (A spatial summation influences convergent circuits.)

Question 44

Neuron one stimulates neuron two. Neuron two stimulates an interneuron that re-stimulates neuron one and so on. What type of neuronal circuit is involved? converging diverging refractory oscillating

Answer 44

oscillating (An oscillating circuit has neurons arranged in a circular fashion)

Question 45

Axon collaterals of a first motor neuron (preganglionic neuron) of the autonomic nervous system synapsing with several second motor neurons in autonomic ganglia illustrate which type of neuronal circuit?

Answer 45

diverging (Diverging neuronal circuits contain a smaller number of presynaptic neurons synapsing with a larger number of postsynaptic neurons to allow information transmitted in one neuronal pathway to diverge into two or more pathways)