Nervouse

Question 1

What is the control center of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information, cognition, emotions, and bodily functions?

Answer 1

Brain

Question 2

What structure extends from the brainstem and transmits signals between the brain and body?

Answer 2

Spinal cord

Question 3

How many pairs of cranial nerves originate from the brain?

Answer 3

Twelve pairs

Question 4

What part of the peripheral nervous system regulates involuntary body functions like heart rate and digestion?

Answer 4

Autonomic nervous system

Question 5

What is the network of nerves outside the central nervous system called?

Answer 5

Peripheral nervous system

Question 6

What is the tough outermost layer of the meninges that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 6

Dura mater

Question 7

What is the innermost layer of the meninges that is closely adhered to the surface of the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 7

Pia mater

Question 8

What is the middle layer of the meninges situated between the dura mater and pia mater?

Answer 8

Arachnoid mater

Question 9

Which region in the frontal lobe of the brain is associated with speech production and language processing?

Answer 9

Broca’s area

Question 10

What part of the brainstem controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure?

Answer 10

Medulla

Question 11

What part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and motor control?

Answer 11

Cerebellum

Question 12

What structure in the brainstem links the medulla with the midbrain?

Answer 12

Pons

Question 13

What part of the brainstem is involved in vision, hearing, motor control, and alertness?

Answer 13

Midbrain

Question 14

What fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and the spinal cord, providing cushioning and nutrients?

Answer 14

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 15

What is the selective permeability barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood?

Answer 15

Blood-brain barrier

Question 16

What region of the brain is responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, and the release of hormones?

Answer 16

Hypothalamus

Question 17

What part of the brain includes the thalamus and hypothalamus and is involved in sensory processing and homeostasis?

Answer 17

Diencephalon

Question 18

What medical condition occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted?

Answer 18

Stroke

Question 19

What part of the brain connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic life functions?

Answer 19

Brainstem

Question 20

What is the outer layer of the brain responsible for complex thought processes, sensory perception, and voluntary muscle movements?

Answer 20

Cerebral cortex

Question 21

What group of structures in the brain is involved in emotion, memory, and motivation?

Answer 21

Limbic system

Question 22

Who is famous for surviving a traumatic brain injury that altered his personality, contributing to the study of brain function?

Answer 22

Phineas Gage

Question 23

What neurotransmitter is involved in muscle activation, learning, and memory?

Answer 23

Acetylcholine

Question 24

What neurotransmitter is involved in reward, motivation, and motor control?

Answer 24

Dopamine

Question 25

What is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain that helps regulate neural excitability?

Answer 25

GABA

Question 26

What is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, involved in learning and memory?

Answer 26

Glutamate

Question 27

What neurotransmitter and hormone is involved in the body’s stress response, arousal, and attention?

Answer 27

Norepinephrine

Question 28

What neurotransmitter regulates mood, appetite, and sleep?

Answer 28

Serotonin

Question 29

What is composed of the brain and spinal cord, processing and coordinating sensory data and motor commands?

Answer 29

Central nervous system

Question 30

What part of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle control and sensory information?

Answer 30

Somatic nervous system

Question 31

What are support cells in the nervous system that provide structural support, nutrition, and protection to neurons called?

Answer 31

Neuroglia

Question 32

What type of glial cells provides support to neurons, maintains the blood-brain barrier, and regulates blood flow?

Answer 32

Astrocytes

Question 33

What are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system that respond to injury and infection?

Answer 33

Microglia

Question 34

What cells line the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord, involved in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 34

Ependymal cells

Question 35

What glial cells form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Answer 35

Oligodendrocytes

Question 36

What type of glial cells form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 36

Schwann cells

Question 37

What glial cells surround and support neurons in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 37

Satellite cells

Question 38

What are the branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons called?

Answer 38

Dendrites

Question 39

What region of a neuron is where the axon connects to the cell body and where action potentials are initiated?

Answer 39

Axon hillock

Question 40

What is the endpoint of an axon where neurotransmitters are released to communicate with other neurons or muscle cells?

Answer 40

Axon terminal

Question 41

What is the fatty substance that coats the axons of neurons, speeding up the transmission of electrical signals?

Answer 41

Myelin

Question 42

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called, where action potentials are accelerated as they jump from node to node?

Answer 42

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 43

A change in a neuron’s membrane potential that makes it more positive, often leading to an action potential is called _______.

Answer 43

Depolarization