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Computing > Netowrks > Flashcards

Netowrks Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 network layer models

A

Transmissions Control Protocol
Open Systems Interconnection

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2
Q

Which protocol is used to send emails

A

SMTP

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3
Q

What are the first 3 sections of a URL?

A

Protocol
Domain
Path

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4
Q

What does a server send when it receives a client’s request?

A

Response

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5
Q

Which protocols can be used to receive emails?

A

POP3
IMAP

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6
Q

Difference between POP3 and IMAP

A

POP3 downloads the email from the email server and then deletes the original from the server, keeping only a local copy. IMAP keeps a copy in the remote folder on the email server, and instead only downloads a copy

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7
Q

Why is IMAP more applicable to today’s world? You should use an example?

A

IMAP allows emails to be accessed from multiples devices, like mobile phones and laptops

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8
Q

What are the advantages of using networks?

A

Communication
monitoring user activity
controlling and updating workstations
roaming
sharing information
resource sharing
software streaming

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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of using networks?

A

Dependence - if the main server fails, every device connected to the network will also fail
Security issues
Initial installation can be expensive
Malware

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10
Q

List the different types of networks

A

LAN, WAN, PAN, MAN, SAN, WPAN and VPN

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11
Q

True or false: computers in a LAN must be connected to the Internet

A

False

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12
Q

What is the use of a SAN

A

Provides servers that enable users to store files on a large scale

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13
Q

How is a VPN made secure?

A

By using encryption algorithms

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14
Q

What are the different network models?

A

Client-to-server network model
Peer-to-peer network model

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15
Q

List the different types of servers

A

Web servers
Application servers
Network sttached storage (NAS)
Print servers
Mail servers

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16
Q

Function of a web server

A

Handles the user’s requests and manages the websites
Allows users to view HTML pages, CSS stylesheets and other scripts

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17
Q

What is a peer-to-peer network?

A

In a P2P network, each and every computer in a network is responsible for providing data equally

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18
Q

Compare the performance of client-server and P2P network models

A

Client-server: Performance can be improved if the server is upgraded
P2: If the individual computers become slow, the whole network slows down

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19
Q

What are the three types of copper cables?

A

Coaxial
Unshielded twisted pair
Shielded twisted pair

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20
Q

What are fibre optic cables?

A

Cables made of glass and use light to transmit data

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21
Q

Advantages of fibre optic cables compared to copper cables

A

Long lifetime
Less electromagnetic interference

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22
Q

Disadvantages of fibre optic cables compared to copper cables

A

Expensive to install
Costs more to produce
More fragile, so more prone to damage

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23
Q

Advantages of a wireless network?

A

Cheap and easy to install
Multiple devices can be connected without any additional hardware

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24
Q

Disadvantages of a wireless network?

A

Slower compared to a wired network
Quality is disrupted due to obstructions
Security issues such as hacking - not as secure, as radio signals can be picked up by anyone
Lower bandwidth

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25
Q

Advantages of wired networks

A

More secure as the network is only accessible with a physical cable connection
Less interference
Generally has faster data transfer compared to wireless netowrks

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26
Q

Disadvantages of wired networks

A

More time needed to install
High installation and replacement costs
Inconvenient due to many cables
More maintenance due to larger infrastructure

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27
Q

Functions of a Network Interface Card

A

Contains device address
Provides electrical signal to send data over the network and also for receiving incoming data
Implements the protocol for communication

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28
Q

What hardware components are required for wired networking

A

Routers, hubs and switches

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29
Q

What is a modem?

A

A network hardware that turns digital data to electrical signals and vice versa

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30
Q

What are the different network topologies?

A

Bus
Ring
Star
Mesh

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31
Q

Why are terminators used in bus topologies?

A

A terminator is installed at the end of the cable to stop the reflection of signals back to the bus

32
Q

True or false: Bus networks offer a secure connection

A

False: bus networks do not offer secure connection, as the data is available to all the devices in the network

33
Q

Why are bus networks cheap to install?

A

A large amount of cabling is not required

34
Q

How is the number of data collisions reduced in a ring network?

A

Data collisions are reduced by allowing the data to flow in one particular direction

35
Q

When would a star network be used?

A

For connecting 5-6 computers where speed is the priority

36
Q

Why are star networks expensive to install?

A

Installation of hubs and individual cabling to all devices

37
Q

Why is a star network more reliable than bus and ring networks?

A

If a cable fails in a star network, only that particular device is affected, but in a bus or ring network, the entire network would fail because of this

38
Q

What is a full mesh network?

A

A network topology in which all devices are connected to each other

39
Q

Why is a full mesh network more reliable than a star network?

A

There are many routes available for a data packet in a mesh network, unlike in a star network

40
Q

What is WiFi?

A

A technology that enables wireless connectivity to all sorts of devices

41
Q

What signals does WiFi use for data transmission?

A

Radio signals

42
Q

What frequency bands does WiFi use?

A

2.4 GHz and 5GHz

43
Q

What is an IP address?

A

A unique address assigned to each device in a network

44
Q

Difference between IPv4 and IPv6

A

In IPv4, each device is assigned a 32-bit address, whereas in IPv6, each device has a 128-bit address

45
Q

What is static IP addressing?

A

IP addresses assigned by a network administrator, which remain unused when the device is not in use

46
Q

What is dynamic IP addressing?

A

IP addresses assigned by DHCP, which can be reused when the device is not in use

47
Q

What are the contents of a data packet?

A

Source, destination, packet sequence, data and error checking

48
Q

Give examples of languages used to create and update web pages

A

HTML, XML, CSS

49
Q

What is HTTPS

A

A secured form of the protocol, HTTP. It is used in banking websites

50
Q

What are cascaded style sheets (CSS) used for

A

Editing the appearance of HTML

51
Q

What are the different layers of TCP/IP suite of protocols?

A

Application
Transport
Internet
Link

52
Q

Function of the application layer?

A

Responsible for ensuring that the data supplied by the sender from their application can be viewed at the receiver’s end using their application

53
Q

Function of the transport layer?

A

Segmentation, sending acknowledgements, requesting retransmission in case of missed packets determining the communication protocol, size of packets and data speed

54
Q

Function of an Internet layer

A

Identifies sender’s and receiver’s addresses. Routes the data packet from sender to receiver

55
Q

Function of a link layer

A

Error detection, hardware addressing, media access control and defining physical layer standards.

56
Q

What is encapsulation?

A

The process of adding information to data in each layer of the TCP/IP model

57
Q

Advantages of segmenting networks in Ethernet?

A

Devices in a segment are expected to communicate with each other more often. So, the overall data collision of the network decreases

58
Q

What is ethernet?

A

A technology used to implement LAN

59
Q

What hardware components segment data into data frames?

A

NIC and routers

60
Q

How is a frame sent from sender to receiver in an Ethernet network?

A

A frame is broadcasted to all devices present on Ethernet network. If the destination address matches with the receiver’s address, the frame is accepted. Otherwise, the frame is discarded.

61
Q

Disadvantages of ethernet

A

Limited length of cabling, limited size of segments and not optimal for a network with large number of devices.

62
Q

3 main contents of a data packet?

A

Header, payload field and trailer

63
Q

What is packet switching?

A

A type of routing where data packets are exchanged between various routers from source to its destination.

64
Q

Define “computer power”

A

The processing capability of a computer ; how fast a computer can perform an operation

65
Q

Define “handshake process”

A

The process by which a sender on a network alerts a receiver of a coming message and the protocol that is going to be used, e.g. between a computer and printer to establish if it is ready to receive transmitted data

66
Q

Define “hub”

A

A connection device that works at a device level, it connects multiple computers (via the NICs) together on a network and allows them all to share transmitted data

67
Q

Define “MAC address”

A

A unique 12-digit hexadecimal number given to every device when it is manufactured

68
Q

Define “network”

A

2 or more computer systems that allows resources and computer power to be shared, e.g. a computer network at a school or college

69
Q

Define “packet”

A

A small collection of broken down data, sent by computers across a network, that finds the quickest route to its destination and is then reassembled at the other side

70
Q

Define “peer to peer”

A

A network that links computers directly allowing users to access programs and resources on each other’s hard drives. A P2P network does not require a server

71
Q

Define “router”

A

A device that enables multiple computers and devices to connect to the same network. Routers control priorities and rules such as connections and traffic.

72
Q

Define “server”

A

A computer or program that ‘serves’ data to a client once it has been requested, e.g. web server, mail server

73
Q

Define “switch”

A

A connection device that connects multiple computers to a network and (unlike a hub) allows data to be transmitted to specified computers, which frees up bandwidth and improves speed and performance

74
Q

Define “thin client”

A

A computer device that connects to a network and allows interaction with programs on the server. It uses the power residing on the server without downloading or saving any data to the device itself.

75
Q

Define “wireless network card”

A

Like a standard NIC, but without the use of wires, it has a transmitter/receiver for sending signals via radio waves

Computing (7 decks)

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