Network Configurations Flashcards
OBJ 2.1: Compare and contrast Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ports, protocols, and their purposes ● OBJ 2.5: Given a scenario, install and configure basic wired/wireless small office/home office (SOHO) networks ● OBJ 2.6: Compare and contrast common network configuration concepts (115 cards)
1
Q
What is the function of the Link/Network Interface Layer?
A
Responsible for putting frames in the physical network’s transmission media
2
Q
In which layer does data travel only through the local area network?
A
Link/Network Interface Layer
3
Q
What is the primary purpose of the Internet Layer?
A
Used to address packets and route them across the network
4
Q
What does the Transport Layer show?
A
How to send the packets
5
Q
What does TCP stand for?
A
Transmission Control Protocol
6
Q
What does UDP stand for?
A
User Datagram Protocol
7
Q
What is contained within the Application Layer?
A
All the protocols that perform higher-level functions
8
Q
What is a Multicast Address?
A
A logical identifier for a group of hosts in a computer network
9
Q
Define Classful Mask.
A
Default subnet mask for a given class of IP addresses
10
Q
What does Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) allow?
A
Borrowing some of the host bits and reassigning them to the network portion
11
Q
What is a Public (Routable) IP address?
A
Can be accessed over the Internet and is assigned to the network by an Internet service provider
12
Q
What is a Private (Non-Routable) IP address?
A
Can be used by anyone any time, but only within their own local area network
13
Q
List the Private IP ranges.
A
- 10.*
- 172.*
- 192.*
14
Q
What is Network Address Translation (NAT)?
A
Allows for routing of private IPs through a public IP
15
Q
What is the Loopback Address?
A
127.0.0.1
16
Q
What is the purpose of the Loopback Address?
A
Creates a loopback to the host and is often used in troubleshooting and testing network protocols on a system
17
Q
What range of addresses does Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) use?
A
169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255
18
Q
What does the acronym D.O.R.A. stand for in IP address assignment?
A
Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge
19
Q
What is Static Assignment in IP address configuration?
A
Manually typing the IP address for the host, its subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server
20
Q
Why is Static Assignment impractical on large enterprise networks?
A
It requires manual configuration for each device
21
Q
What is Dynamic Assignment in IP address configuration?
A
Dynamic allocation of IP addresses
22
Q
What is the function of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
A
Converts the domain names used by a website to the IP address of its server
23
Q
How is DNS analogous to a phone book?
A
It lists human-readable names and their corresponding IP addresses
24
Q
What does Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) do?
A
Identifies NetBIOS systems on a TCP/IP network and converts those NetBIOS names to IP addresses
25
What is the Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)?
Dynamically assigns IP addresses and allows a workstation to load a copy of boot image to the network
26
What does Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) do?
Assigns an IP based on an assignable scope or addresses and provides the ability to configure other options
27
What is the range of IP addresses typically used by DHCP in a given scope?
192.168.1.100 through 192.168.1.200
28
What happens to each IP address leased by DHCP when the lease expires?
Returns to the pool
29
What does IP Address Management entail?
Manages the IPs being assigned and returned over time
30
How does DHCP relate to BOOTP?
DHCP is the modern implementation of BOOTP
31
What limitations do APIPA-assigned devices have?
Cannot communicate outside the LAN or with non-APIPA devices
32
What does Zero Configuration (ZeroConf) technology provide?
Features similar to APIPA, including IPv4 link-local address assignment
33
What does mDNS stand for?
Multicast Domain Name Service
34
What is the purpose of Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR)?
Resolve computer names to IP addresses on a local network
35
What is the definition of Scope in DHCP?
List of valid IP addresses available for assignment or lease to a client computer or endpoint device on a given subnet
36
How many IP addresses are available in a typical DHCP scope?
254 available IPs
37
What is DHCP Reservation?
Excludes some IP addresses from being handed to devices unless they meet a certain condition
38
What is a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)?
Domain name under a top-level provider
39
What is the bit size of an IPv4 address?
32-bit
40
How is an IPv4 address divided?
Into 4 octets (0–255)
41
Which classes are used for standard networks in IPv4?
Classes A, B, and C
42
What is the relationship between network bits and host bits?
More network bits means more networks, more host bits means more devices
43
What is the formula for calculating usable hosts?
(2^Host Bits) - 2
44
What is the purpose of subnet masks?
To separate network and host portions
45
What does CIDR notation represent?
The number of network bits
46
Fill in the blank: The CIDR notation for a subnet with 24 network bits is _______.
/24
47
What does URL stand for?
Uniform Resource Locator
48
What is the function of the DNS A record?
Links a hostname to an IPv4 address
49
What is the function of a DNS AAAA record?
Links a hostname to an IPv6 address.
50
What is the function of a DNS CNAME record?
Points a domain to another domain or subdomain
51
What is the function of a DNS MX record?
Directs emails to a mail server.
52
What is the function of a DNS TXT record?
Adds text into the DNS
53
What is the function of the DNS NS record?
Indicates which DNS nameserver has the authority
54
What can CNAME records point to?
Another domain or subdomain
55
What is the purpose of Sender Policy Framework (SPF)?
Identifies the host authorized to send mail for the domain
56
What does DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) provide?
Cryptographic authentication mechanism for mail using a public key
57
What is DMARC?
Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance framework
58
What is a Nameserver?
Type of DNS server that stores all DNS records for a domain
59
What is Internal DNS used for?
Allows cloud instances on the same network to access each other
60
What does External DNS record?
Created around domain names from a central authority for public Internet use
61
What does Time to Live (TTL) specify?
How long to cache a DNS query before requesting a new one
62
What is a DNS Resolver?
Makes a local copy of every DNS entry it resolves
63
What is Recursive Lookup?
DNS server communicates with several other DNS servers to find an IP address
64
What is Iterative Lookup?
Each DNS server responds directly to the client with another DNS server's address
65
What does VLAN stand for?
Virtual Local Area Network
66
What does a VLAN allow?
Different logical networks to share the same physical hardware, it is a way to segment a network logically within the same physical switch.
-benefits: improves security, reduces network congestion, better network organization
-used on managed switches
67
What is VLAN trunking
Allows multiple VLANs over one cable to allow traffic to pass
68
What are VLAN IDs used for
used to identify different VLANs
69
What does inter-VLAN communication require?
A router or Layer 3 switch
70
What is a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?
Extends a private network across a public network
71
What is Full Tunnel VPN?
Routes and encrypts all network requests through the VPN connection
72
What is Split Tunnel VPN?
Routes only traffic bound for headquarters over the VPN
73
What is a Clientless VPN?
Creates a secure remote-access VPN tunnel using a web browser
74
What does Secure Socket Layer (SSL) provide?
Cryptography and reliability using the upper layers of the OSI model
75
What is the address space of IPv4?
2³², or 4.2 billion addresses
76
What is Address Exhaustion?
Running out of network addresses in IPv4
77
What is the address space of IPv6?
2¹²⁸, or 340 undecillion addresses
78
What are some characteristics of IPv6?
Larger address space, no broadcasts, no fragmentation, coexist with IPv4, simplified header
79
What does Dual Stack mean?
Simultaneously runs both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols
80
What is Tunneling in networking?
Allows an existing IPv4 router to carry IPv6 traffic
81
What is a Unicast Address?
Used to identify a single interface
82
What is a Link-Local address in IPv6?
Used like a private IP in IPv4, can only be used on the local area network
83
What does Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) do?
Eliminates the need for a central server to obtain addresses
84
What is a Multicast Address?
Used to identify a set of interfaces
85
What is an Anycast Address?
Used to identify a set of interfaces for packet transmission to any member
86
What is Extended Unique Identifier (EUI)?
Allows a host to assign itself a unique 64-bit IPv6 interface identifier
87
What does DHCPv6 Protocol do?
Allows DHCP to automatically assign addresses from a DHCPv6 server
88
What is the function of Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)?
Used to determine Layer 2 addresses on a network
89
What is a Port in networking?
Logical communication endpoint on a computer or server
90
What is an Inbound Port?
Logical communication opening on a server listening for client connections
91
What is an Outbound Port?
Logical communication opening created on a client to connect to a server
92
What are Well-Known Ports?
Ports 0 to 1023 assigned by IANA
93
What are Registered Ports?
Ports 1024 to 49151 usually assigned to proprietary protocols
94
What are Dynamic or Private Ports?
Ports 49152 to 65535 used by any application without IANA registration
95
What ports does File Transfer Protocol (FTP) use?
Ports 20, 21
Provides insecure file transfers
96
What does Secure Shell (SSH) provide?
Secure remote control of another machine
-port 22
97
What port does Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) use?
Port 22
Provides secure file transfers
98
What port does Telnet use?
Port 23
Provides insecure remote control of another machine
using a text-based environment
99
What is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) used for?
Sending emails over the network
port 25
100
What is the primary function of Domain Name Service (DNS)?
Converts domain names to IP addresses and vice versa
port 53
101
What does Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) do?
Automatically provides network parameters like IP address and subnet mask
port 67, 68
102
What port does Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) use?
Port 80
Used for insecure web browsing
103
What port does Post Office Protocol Version Three (POP3) use?
Port 110
Used for receiving incoming emails
104
What ports does Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) use?
Ports 137, 139
Used for file or printer sharing in a Windows network
105
What port does Internet Mail Application Protocol (IMAP) use?
Port 143
A newer method of retrieving incoming emails which
improves upon the older POP3
106
What ports does Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) use?
Ports 161, 162
Used to collect data about network devices and monitor
their status
107
What port does Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) use?
Port 389
Used to provide directory services to your network
108
What port does Hypertext Transfer Protocol – Secure (HTTPS) use?
Port 443
Used as a secure and encrypted version of web browsing
▪ SSL (Secure Socket Layer)
▪ TLS (Transport Layer Security)
109
What port does Server Message Block (SMB) use?
Port 445
Used for Windows file and printer sharing services
110
What port does Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) use?
Port 3389
o Provides graphical remote control of another client or
server
o RDP provides a full graphical user interface
111
What type of protocol is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
Connection-oriented protocol
112
What kind of protocol is User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?
Unreliable, connectionless protocol
113
What applications typically use TCP?
SSH, HTTP, HTTPS
114
What applications typically use UDP?
Audio, video streaming, DHCP, TFTP
115
What port is Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) used on?
● Ports 69
● a connectionless protocol that uses UDP as
its transport
