Virtualization Concepts

Question 1

Host computer installed with a _________ that can be used to install and
manage multiple guest operating systems or virtual machines (VMs)
-Manages the distribution of the physical resources of a server to the VMs

Answer 1

hypervisor

Question 2

Runs directly on the host hardware and functions as the
operating system

Answer 2

Type I Hypervisor (Bare Metal)

Question 3

Runs within the normal operating system

Answer 3

Type II Hypervisor

Question 4

Ensure that each virtual machine runs its own copy of an ______________

Answer 4

operating
system

Question 5

Server-based solution that runs the application on servers
in a centralized location

Answer 5

Server-based (Terminal services)

Question 6

Client-based solution that allows an application to be
packaged up and streamed directly to a user’s PC

Answer 6

Client-based (Application streaming)

Question 7

Type of virtualization applied by a host operating system to provision an
isolated execution environment for an application
● Docker
● Parallels Virtuozzo
● OpenVZ
Each container relies on a common host OS as the base for each
container
-has less resources because it doesn’t
require its own copy of the OS for individual container

Answer 7

Containerization

Question 8

True or False: When a physical server crashes, all the organizations hosted on that same server
are affected

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False: An organization’s failure to secure the virtual environments hosted on a shared
server poses a security risk for the other organizations

Answer 9

true

Question 10

Set up virtual servers in the cloud with proper

Answer 10

failover, redundancy, and elasticity

Question 11

Hosting all VMs on the same type of hypervisor can also be exploited. How do we mitigate this?

Answer 11

● Proper configurations
● Patched and up-to-date hypervisor
● Tight access control

Question 12

run directly on the host’s hardware to control the hardware and manage guest operating systems. They do not require a base operating system and have direct access to hardware resources

Answer 12

Type 1 Hypervisor /bare-metal hypervisors

Question 13

run on a host operating system that provides virtualization services. They are installed as applications on the host OS

Answer 13

Type 2 Hypervisor/hosted hypervisors

Question 14

Allows for the full integration of the storage, network, and servers
without hardware changes

Answer 14

Hyperconverged Infrastructure

Question 15

Encapsulates computer programs from the underlying OS on which they
are executed

Answer 15

Application Virtualization

Question 16

Hosts desktop OSs within a virtualized environment hosted by a
centralized server or server farm

Answer 16

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)

Question 17

An isolated environment for analyzing pieces of malware
-Separates running processes and programs to mitigate system failures or
software vulnerabilities

Answer 17

Sandbox

Question 18

Allows for the testing and running of software applications for different
operating systems

Answer 18

Cross-Platform Virtualization

Question 19

System imitation

Answer 19

Emulation

Question 20

New “physical” machine

Answer 20

Virtualization

Question 21

Improves the performance of virtual memory when running multiple
virtual machines on a single physical host

Answer 21

Second Level Address Translation (SLAT)

Question 22

SLAT for Intel

Answer 22

Extended Page Table (EPT)

Question 23

SLAT for AMD

Answer 23

Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI)

Question 24

● 32-bit processor
● 32-bit operating system can only access 4GB of RAM

Answer 24

x86

Question 25

● 16 exabytes of RAM ● 32-bit processor cannot run a 64-bit application

Answer 25

x64

Question 26

Reduced instruction set and computer architecture in a computer processor

Answer 26

ARM

Question 27

▪ Amount of physical memory installed on a physical server

Answer 27

System memory

Question 28

System memory space for Windows

Answer 28

20-50 gigabytes

Question 29

System memory space for Linux

Answer 29

4-8 gigabytes

Question 30

System memory space for Mac

Answer 30

20-40 gigabytes

Question 31

allows multiple cards for higher speeds ▪ CPU, processor, and capabilities ▪ System memory ▪ Networking ▪ Storage

Answer 31

NIC teaming configuration

Question 32

Threat attempts to get out of an isolated VM and send commands to the underlying hypervisor ▪ easier to perform on a Type II hypervisor than a Type I hypervisor ● Patched ● Up to date -VM to hypervisor or host OS

Answer 32

VM Escape

Question 33

Threat attempts to move from one VM to another on the same host -VM to VM

Answer 33

VM Hopping

Question 34

Occurs when an attacker circumvents sandbox protections to gain access to the protected OS or other privileged processes o Patched o Up to date o Strong endpoint software protection o Limited extensions or add-ons

Answer 34

Sandbox Escape

Question 35

▪ Migrates the virtual machine from one host to another while it is running ▪ Ensure that live migration only occurs on a trusted network or utilizes encryption

Answer 35

Live Migration

Question 36

Leftover pieces of data that may exist in the hard drive which are no longer needed ● Encrypt virtual machine storage location ● Destroy encryption key

Answer 36

Data Remnants

Question 37

Uncontrolled deployment of virtual machines

Answer 37

VM Sprawl