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Network Implementations Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Layer 2 Switch

A

Directs network traffic to specific machine (unicast). Works at Layer 2 of OSI model (frames).

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2
Q

Layer 3 capable switch

A

A switch that has routing capabilities

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3
Q

Router

A

Used to connect different LANs

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4
Q

Hub

A

Repeater - broadcasts incoming frames to all ports

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5
Q

Access point

A

Wireless device to allow connection to LAN

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6
Q

Bridge

A

Joins two network segments into a single network

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7
Q

Wireless LAN controller

A

Manages wireless access points, etc.

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8
Q

Load balancer

A

Helps balance the amount of traffic flowing through specific network devices

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9
Q

Proxy server

A

Retrieves data from a source on behalf of a user

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10
Q

Cable modem

A

Connects a LAN to cable internet

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11
Q

DSL modem

A

Connects a LAN to DSL internet

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12
Q

Repeater

A

Rebroadcasts wireless signal to help it reach remote areas

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13
Q

IPS

A

Intrusion Prevention System

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14
Q

IDS

A

Intrusion detection device

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15
Q

Firewall

A

regulates incoming/outgoing traffic based on a set of rules

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16
Q

VPN headend

A

A central point that allows devices to connect through a VPN

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17
Q

Dynamic routing

A

automatically configured routing

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18
Q

RIP

A

Routing Information
Protocol - (Interior protocol) - routers periodically (fixed time interval) exchange routing tables; focuses on hop count

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19
Q

OSPF

A

Open Shortest Path First (Interior protocol) - Uses an Area ID. One router in each area is selected as the “designated router.” Routers send info about each link separately instead of the entire routing table. Convergence is quick

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20
Q

EIGRP

A

An enhanced dynamic routing protocol that uses a combination of parameters to calculate metric

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21
Q

BGP

A

Border Gateway Protocol - The internet is broken into Autonomous Systems. Because routing tables are too big, BGP only tracks how to get to other Autonomous Systems.

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22
Q

Link state

A

Information passed between routers is related to the current connectivity (up/down, speed)

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23
Q

Distance vector

A

Information passed between routers contains network details: how many “hops”

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24
Q

Static routing

A

routes are entered manually

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25
Default route
When no other route exists, send it here.
26
Administrative Distance
An arbitrarily-assigned value that represents how preferred a route is
27
Exterior vs Interior (routing)
Exterior refers to routing to remote networks
28
Time to live
A value given to packets to keep them from circulating endlessly on the Internet. Starts at a certain number and decrements each time it hits a router. When it hits zero, the packet is dropped and a message is sent to the source.
29
Traffic shaping
The act of optimizing available bandwidth according to priorities
30
Quality of Service
Prioritizing traffic to ensure best performance
31
Voice VLAN
Separate VLANs are often created for VoIP traffic so it can be given priority.
32
Port tagging
A tag in the frame header designates which VLAN the frame belongs to (802.1Q Header)
33
802.1Q
A standard that allows VLANs. Trunking allows VLANs to be used across multiple switches - a connection on each switch is reserved to use for all VLANs
34
Port aggregation/LACP
Multiple interfaces can be "bundled" into a single interface with higher bandwidth
35
Port duplex settings
Half - can ONLY send OR receive Full - can send AND receive at the same time
36
Port speed
Speed/duplex settings on both sides of a connection MUST match.
37
Port flow control
38
Port mirroring
An interface can be configured to "mirror" traffic from one or more interfaces on the switch for monitoring
39
Port security
Prevents unauthorized users from connecting to a switch interface based on the MAC address. Each port can be configured seperately.
40
Jumbo frames
A frame that is larger than 1500 bytes. 9000 is the accepted norm. In order to use these, all devices must be configured to use them.
41
MDI
Media Dependent Interface Workstation Router
42
MDI-X
Media Dependent Interface Crossover Switch
43
MAC address tables
Switches maintain a list of MAC addresses and to which interfaces they are connected; Switches build this table by examining the SOURCE MAC on incoming frames; if an entry is not found in the table, the frame will be BROADCAST
44
PoE/PoE+
Power over Ethernet PoE - 15.4W 350mA PoE+ - 25.5W 600mA
45
STP
Spanning Tree Protocol - this keeps loops from being created in switched networks.
46
STP Port Designations
Root port - the port closest to the "network root" Designated port - ports that are allowed to forward traffic Blocked port - these ports are blocked if a potential loop is identified
47
CSMA/CD
CS - Carrier Sense: is there a carrier? is there a signal available? MA - Multiple Access - more than one device on the network CD - Collision Detection: Devices can detect data collisions and will wait a random amount of time to resend data ONLY USEFUL ON HALF-DUPLEX
48
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol - used to associate MAC addresses with IP addresses
49
NDP
Neighbor Discovery Protocol - the IPv6 version of ARP. Uses multicast instead of broadcast (there are no broadcasts in IPv6)
50
802.11a
5 GHz range 54 Mbit/s Small range (generally 1/3 the range of 2.4 GHz)
51
802.11b
2.4 GHz range 11 Mbit/s Longer range More frequency conflict
52
802.11g
(upgrade from 802.11b) 2.4 GHz range 54 Mbit/s Backwards-compatible with 802.11b
53
802.11n (WiFi 4)
Operates at both 2.4 and 5 GHz ranges 600 Mbit/s Introduces MIMO
54
802.11ac (WiFi 5)
5 GHz range only 7 Gbit/s MU-MIMO
55
802.11ax (WiFi 6)
2.4 and 5 GHz Introduces bidirectional MU-MIMO streams (1201 Mbit/s per channel) 9.6 Gbit/s
56
WiFi Channels
Groups of frequencies, numbered by the IEEE. Best to use non-overlapping channels Can range in frequency
57
Channel bonding
Ability to combine two separate wireless channels into a single data stream
58
Basic Service Set
The hardware address of an access point (not the SSID)
59
Extended Service Set
A shared network name across access points
60
Independent Basic Service Set (Ad-hoc)
Two stations can communicate directly, with no access point required.
61
Roaming
Automatically switching from one AP to another
62
Omnidirectional Antenna
Signal is evenly distributed evenly on all sides of the antenna
63
Directional Antenna
Signal is focused on a single direction
64
WPA/WPA2 Personal
Uses pre-shared keys for authentication - everyone on the network uses the same key
65
WPA/WPA2 Enterprise
Uses separate authentication for all users on the network - requires an authentication server
66
CDMA
Used by Verizon and Sprint
67
GSM
Originally an EU standard, used globally (AT&T and T-Mobile in the US).
68
LTE
Converged GSM and CDMA. Based on GSM and EDGE
69
MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output - Sending multiple streams of data over the same frequency at the same time (can only do this with one user at a time)
70
MU-MIMO
Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output - MIMO but can split the stream to multiple devices

Network+ (5 decks)

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