Network Models Flashcards by Clayton Littell

What does OSI stand for?

Open Systems Interconnection

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What does TCP/IP stand for?

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

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What is ISO?

International Organization for Standardization - created the OSI Seven Layer Model

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What are Protocols?

Sets of clearly defined rules,regulations, standards and procedures that enable hardware and software developers to make devices and applications that function properly at a particular level

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What are the OSI Seven Layers?

Layer 7 - Application
Layer 6 - Presentation
Layer 5 - Session
Layer 4 - Transport
Layer 3 - Network
Layer 2 - Data Link
Layer 1 - Physical

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What is a UTP?

Unshielded Twisted Pair - usually contains 4 pairs of wires that can transmit and receive data

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What OSI Layer are the cabling and central box a part of?

Layer 1 - Physical Layer

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What layer of the OSI model are copper cabling, fiber optics and radio waves?

Layer 1 - Physical Layer

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What is a NIC?

Network Interface Card - serves as the interface between the PC and the network

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Where can you find the NIC?

Built into the motherboard

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What is a MAC address?

Media Access Control address - unique identifier with a 48-bit value

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What do the first 6 digits of a MAC address represent?

The number of the NIC manufacturer

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What do the last six digits of a MAC address represent?

Manufacturer’s unique serial number for that particular NIC ( also known as the Device ID)

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What does OUI stand for?

Organizationally Unique Identifier

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What is the Windows command prompt to see the MAC address for your NIC?

ipconfig all/

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What is the MacOS command prompt to see the MAC address for your NIC?

ifconfig

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What is the Linux command prompt to see the MAC address for your NIC?

ip a

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What does EUI stand for?

Extended Unique Identifier

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What is an oscilloscope?

Powerful tool that enables you to see electrical pulses

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What is a frame?

Basically a container for a chunk of data moving across a network

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What is a PDU?

Protocol Data Unit - unit of data specified by a protocol at each layer of the OSI model

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What is Ethernet?

Most common wired network technology

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What is a type field?

Indicates what’s encapsulated in the frame

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What is the data field of a frame?

Contains what is encapsulated in the frame

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What is FCS?

Frame Checking Sequence - special bit of checking information

What is CRC?

Cyclic Redundancy Check - type of binary math used by the receiving NIC to verify that the data arrived intact

What do switches do?

Filter traffic by MAC address

How long are FCS’s?

4 bytes long

What happens if a NIC sends a frame using the broadcast address?

Every single NIC on the network will process that frame

What is a unicast frame?

Any frame addressed specifically to another devices MAC address

What is the LLC?

Logical Link Control - 1. talks to the systems operating system(usually via device drivers) 2. Handles multiple network protocols and provides flow control

What layer of the OSI model is the only layer with sub-layers?

Layer 2 - Data Link

What is MAC?

Media Access Control - | A sub-layer of Layer 2 of the OSI model

What does the MAC sublayer do?

1. Adds the NIC’s own MAC address 2. Attaches MAC addresses to the frames 3. Adds or checks the FCS 4. Ensures frames are sent along the network cabling

What layer of the OSI model do Network cards operate at?

Both Layer 2 and Layer 1

What is a simple network?

Network in which all the computers connect to one switch

What are subnets?

Smaller networks that were broken down from large networks

What does a network protocol do?

1. Creates unique identifier for each system | 2. Creates set of communication rules for issues

MAC addresses are also known as ________.

Physical addresses

What is a protocol suite?

Several network protocols designed to work together

What is the primary logical addressing protocol for TCP/IP?

The Internet Protocol(IP)

What does the IP do?

Makes sure that a piece of data gets to where it needs to go on a network

What is an IP address?

A unique numeric identifier given to a device by the IP

IP address is also known as the _______.

Logical address

What is a router?

Connects subnets

How do routers forward data?

IP address

Where is the MAC address located?

Literally burned into the chips on the NIC

Where can the IP address be found?

Stored in the system’s software

What is Layer 1 of the OSI model?

Physical layer

What is Layer 2 of the OSI model?

Data Link layer

What is Layer 3 of the OSI model?

Network layer

What is layer 4 of the OSI model?

Transport layer

What is Layer 5 of the OSI model?

Session layer

What is Layer 6 of the OSI model?

Presentation layer

What is Layer 7 of the OSI model?

Application layer

What happens at Layer 4(Transport Layer)?

1. Segmentation/reassembly | 2. Initializes requests for packets that weren’t revived in good order

What does session software do?

Handles connecting applications to applications

What happens at Layer 5(Session layer)?

Initiated sessions, accepts incoming sessions and opens and closes existing sessions

What happens at Layer 6(Presentation Layer)?

Translation of data from lower layers into a format usable by the Application layer, and vice versa

At what layer of the OSI model is a Hub found?

Layer 1 - Physical

At what layer of the OSI model is a router found?

Layer 3 - Network

What is encapsulation?

Entire process of preparing data to go onto a network

What is de-encapsulation?

Reverse process of encapsulation

How many layers does the TCP/IP model have?

4 layers

What are the TCP/IP layers?

Application Transport Internet Link/Network Interface

What happens in the Internet Layer of the TCP/IP model?

1. IP addressing | 2. Creation of IP packets

What happens at the Transport Layer of the TCP/IP model?

Segmentation and reassembly of data

What is IMAP?

Internet Message Access Protocol - used for sending e-mail messages

What is UDP?

User Datagram Protocol - connectionless protocol

In logical terms, what is a port?

1. Number between 1 and 65,536 | 2. Logical value assigned to specific applications or services

Where does a hub send data?

To all the systems connected to the hub

What uniquely identifies every NIC?

Media Access control address

A NIC sends data in discrete chunks called ____.

Frames

Which MAC address begins a frame?

Receiving system

A frame ends with a special bit called the frame check sequence(FCS). What does the FCS do?

Verified that the data arrived correctly

``` Which of the following is an example of a MAC address? A. 0-255 B. 00-50-56-A3-04-0C C. SBY3M7 D. 192.168.4.13 ```

B. 00-50-56-A3-04-0C

Which layer of the TCP/IP model controls the segmentation and reassembly of data?

Transport layer

Which layer of the OSI model keeps track of a system’s connections to send the right response to the right computer?

Session layer