Network Protocols

Question 1

What is a Network Standard?

Answer 1

A set of agreed requirements for hardware and software

Question 2

Why are standards important?

Answer 2

They allow manufacturers to create products and programs compatible to other products and programs from other devices

Question 3

What is a Network protocol?

Answer 3

A set of rules for how devices communicate and how data is transmitted across a network

Question 4

What does a communication protocol specify?

Answer 4

How communication between two devices must start and end, how the data must be organised and what devices must do if data goes missing

Question 5

Why does every device need an unique identifier?

Answer 5

So it can be found on a network.

Question 6

What are MAC Addresses?

Answer 6

48 or 64 bit binary numbers assigned to all network-enabled devices by the manufacturer. They are unique to a device and cannot be changed.

Question 7

How are MAC Addresses made easier?

Answer 7

They are converted into Hexadecimals.

Question 8

Where are MAC Addresses mainly used?

Answer 8

By Ethernet protocol on LANS

Question 9

How are MAC Addresses used?

Answer 9

LAN Switches read the MAC addresses and use them to direct data to the right devices

Question 10

When are IP Addresses used?

Answer 10

When sending data between TCP/IP networks e.g over the Internet.

Question 11

How are IP Addresses assigned?

Answer 11

Either Manually or Automatically before the device can access the network.

Question 12

What are the two versions of IP Addresses?

Answer 12

IPv4 (32 bits)

IPv6 (128 bits)

Question 13

Why was IPv6 created?

Answer 13

Due to increased number of devices that need unique IP addresses
IPv4 has 2³² (over a billion) whereas IPv6 has 2¹²⁸ addresses.

Question 14

How are IP Addresses spit?

Answer 14

IPv6 addresses are split into 16 bit chunks and each one is given a hexadecimal number
IPv4 addresses are silt into 8-bit chunks and each one is given as a denary number

Question 15

What does a TCP/IP protocol dictate?

Answer 15

How data is sent between networks e.g over the Internet

Question 16

What are the two protocols that a TCP/IP protocol is made up of?

Answer 16

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Internet Protocol (IP)

Question 17

What does the Transmission Control Protocol do?

Answer 17

It set rules for how devices connect to network/
Its in charge of splitting data into packets and reassembling packets back into original data once they reach receiving device
Also responsible for checking is data is correctly sent or delivered

Question 18

What is the Internet Protocol responsible for?

Answer 18

DIRECTING PACKETS TO DESTINATION ACROSS THE NETWORK

Question 19

What are the protocols built upon TCP/IP which do specific Internet tasks?

Answer 19

HTTP
HTTPS
FTP
POP3
IMAP
SMTP

Question 20

What does HTTP stand for and what is it used for?

Answer 20

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

It is used by web browsers to access websites and communicate with web servers

Question 21

What does HTTPS stand for and what is it used for?

Answer 21

HTTP Secure

It is a more secure version of HTTP It encrypts all information sent and received

Question 22

What does FTP stand for and what is it used for?

Answer 22

File Transfer Protocol

It is used to EDIT and move files between devices on network e.g access files on server from client computer

Question 23

What does POP3 stand for and what is it used for?

Answer 23

Post Office protocol- version 3
It is used to retrieve emails from a server. The server holds email until you download it, at which point is deleted by server.

Question 24

What does IMAP stand for and what is it used for?

Answer 24

Internet Message Access Protocol
It is used to retrieve emails from a server. The server holds email until you actually delete it- you only download a copy. Used by most web-based email clients.

Question 25

What does SMTP stand for and what is it used for?

Answer 25

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

It is to send emails and to transfer emails between servers.

Question 26

What are layers?

Answer 26

Groups of protocols that have similar functions. Layers are self-contained- protocols in each layer don’t need to know what’s happening in other layers
Each layers serves layer above

Question 27

What do protocols in Layer 4 cover?

Give some protocol examples

Answer 27

Turning data to websites and other apps and vise versa

HTTPS, FTP, SMTP

Question 28

What do protocols in layer 3 cover? Give some protocol examples

Answer 28

Controlling data flow- e.g checking data is sent and delivered
TCP

Question 29

What do Protocols in Layer 2 cover and give a protocol example

Answer 29

Making connections between networks and directing data

IP

Question 30

What do Protocols in Layer 1 cove and give some protocol examples

Answer 30

Passing data (as electrical signals) over the physical network
Ethernet

Question 31

How does data travel through layers?

Answer 31

Data can only pass through adjacent layers e.g layer 2 can pass data to layers 1 and 3 but layer 1 can only pass data to layer 2

Question 32

Advantages of Layers?

Answer 32

Breaks network communication into manageable pieces and helps developers concentrate on only one area of network without having to worry about others
Layers are self contained- they can be changed without other layers being affected
Forces companies to make standard universal hardware and software, different brands will work with each other and always work in basically the same way/