networking Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is a network?
A network is just a collection of devices and end systems connected to each other and able to communicate with each other. There are two types of
topologies in networking.
The physical topology is what the network looks like and how all the cables and devices are connected to each other.
The logical topology is the path our data signals take through the physical topology.
What are protocols?
rules that govern how devices communicate and share
information across a network. Examples of protocols include:
• HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
• SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Multiple protocols often work together to facilitate end-to-end network communication, forming protocol suites or stacks.
Network reference models were developed to allow products from different manufacturers to interoperate on a network.
A network reference model serves
as a blueprint, detailing standards for how protocol communication should
occur.
What are considerations in network?
Speed –The biggest consideration
Delay – There must be specific delay for sending datas across the network. VOIP applications must follow time delay for proper communications
Availability – Network should be always available for applications accessing it
What are Local area networks?
(LANs) are used to connect networking devices that are
in a very close geographic area, such as a floor of a building, a building itself, or a campus environment.
What are Wide area networks?
(WANs) are used to connect LANs together. Typically,
WANs are used when the LANs that must be connected are separated by a large distance.
What are Metropolitan Area Networks?
another category of network, though the term is not commonly used. A MAN is defined as a network that connects LAN’s across a city-wide geographic area.
What is an internetwork?
a general term describing multiple networks connected together. The Internet is the largest and most well-known inter network.
What is a storage area network?
A SAN provides systems with high-speed, lossless
access to high-capacity storage devices.
What is a virtual private network?
A VPN allows for information to be securely sent
across a public or unsecure network, such as the Internet. Common uses of a VPN are to connect branch offices or remote users to a main office.
What are the Methods of Network Communication?
Unicast : One to One Communication. used in both IPv4 and IPv6
Broadcast: One to all communication. Used in Ipv4 only
Multicast : One to a group communication. Used in both IPv4 and IPv6
Anycast : One to nearest Communication. Used in Ipv6
What is a broadcast domain?
A logical division of network where all devices can reach each other by broadcast.
What is a collision domain?
It is a logical seperation of a network where data packets will collide each other. when collision occur every devices in collision domain will get effected by it.
What is csma/cd?
CSMA/CD (carrier sense multi access/Collision detection) is a protocol used in wired network/LAN to detect collision and over come it. CSMA/CD is only used in half duplex communication
What is Half-Duplex?
hosts can transmit or receive, but not simultaneously
What is full duplex?
hosts can both transmit and receive simultaneously
What is csma/ca?
(carrier sense multi access/Collision avoidance) is a protocol used in wireless network to avoid collision.
What is ethernet?
a family of technologies that provides data-link and physical specifications for controlling access to a shared network medium. It has emerged as the dominant technology used in LAN networking.
What is power over ethernet?
allows both data and power to be sent acrossthe
same twisted-pair cable, eliminating the need to provide separate power connections. This is especially useful in areas where installing separate power might be expensive or difficult.
PoE can be used to power many devices, including:
· Voice over IP (VoIP) phones
· Security cameras
· Wireless access points
What is a hub?
A hub is nothing more than a physical repeater, if it receives an electrical signal on one interface it will repeat it by sending it on all its interfaces except
the one it originated from. There is no intelligence in a hub and it only operates on the physical layer of the OSI model. Hub have one broadcast domain and one
collision domain.
What is a switch?
Switches work in layer 2 and layer 3.Switches working in layer 3 have both routing and switching capacity. New switches work in full duplex mode. Switches have one broadcast domain and multiple collision
domain. Collision domain is equal to number of active ports in that switch there are three things that switches do that hubs do not:
· Hardware address learning
· Intelligent forwarding of frames
Three types of layer -2 forwarding methods
