Networking Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
PCI
A
Peripheral Component Interconnect
2
Q
What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
A
A Network Interface Card (NIC), also known as a network adapter or network interface controller, is a critical hardware component that enables computers and servers to connect to a network.
Example sentence: My computer’s NIC allows me to access the internet.
3
Q
What is the primary function of an NIC?
A
The NIC converts digital data from the computer into signals suitable for transmission over the network medium. It also translates incoming signals back into digital data that the computer can process.
Example sentence: The NIC is responsible for converting data into signals for network transmission.
4
Q
What is another function of an NIC?
A
The NIC manages data flow to prevent collisions and reduce network congestion, employing various algorithms and protocols.
Example sentence: NICs use algorithms to control data flow and prevent network congestion.
5
Q
What does an NIC do in terms of error detection and correction?
A
It checks data packets for errors and can request retransmission or attempt to correct errors based on the protocols in use.
Example sentence: NICs can detect errors in data packets and request retransmission when needed.
6
Q
What is the role of an NIC in data transfer?
A
It handles the actual sending and receiving of data packets.
Example sentence: NICs are responsible for sending and receiving data packets on the network.
7
Q
Why is addressing important for an NIC?
A
Each NIC has a unique MAC address, which is essential for identifying the device on the network and ensuring accurate packet delivery.
Example sentence: MAC addresses are crucial for identifying devices on the network and ensuring proper packet delivery.
8
Q
How does an NIC work?
A
When a device is turned on, the NIC initializes and configures itself to communicate with the network. This includes setting up the MAC address and possibly requesting an IP address from a DHCP server.
9
Q
What does the NIC do after initializing?
A
Data from the computer is encapsulated into frames by the NIC. Each frame includes the data payload, source and destination MAC addresses, and error-checking information.
10
Q
What happens when a frame addressed to the NIC’s MAC address is detected?
A
The NIC captures the frame, checks for errors, and if it’s error-free, passes the data to the computer’s operating system.
11
Q
What happens when the NIC transmits frames onto the network medium?
A
The NIC transmits these frames onto the network medium, which could be a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet) or a wireless connection (e.g., Wi-Fi).
12
Q
What does the operating system do with the data received from the NIC?
A
The operating system processes the data received and passes it to the appropriate application, allowing for network communication like browsing the internet, sending emails, or streaming media.
13
Q
What are network devices?
A
Network devices are hardware components that facilitate the operation and connectivity of computer networks.
14
Q
What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
A
A Network Interface Card (NIC), also known as a network adapter or network interface controller, is a critical hardware component that enables computers and servers to connect to a network.
15
Q
What roles do network devices play?
A
Network devices play critical roles in managing data traffic, ensuring secure communications, and maintaining the overall efficiency of network operations.
16
Q
What types of networks can network devices connect to?
A
Network devices can connect to various network types, from small local area networks (LANs) to expansive wide area networks (WANs).
17
Q
What is the connection of network devices?
A
The connection can be for local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), or the internet.
18
Q
What is the role of a NIC?
A
The NIC serves as the interface between the connections like Wi-Fi.
Example: Ethernet
19
Q
What is the first layer of the OSI model?
A
PHYSICAL
Hubs, Repeaters, Modems, …
20
Q
What devices operate at the second layer of the OSI model?
A
DATA LINK
Routers, L3 Switches, …
21
Q
What is the term for the third layer of the OSI model?
A
NETWORK
L2 Switches, Bridges, …
22
Q
Which layer of the OSI model includes firewalls and IDS?
A
APPLICATION
Firewalls, IDS, …
23
Q
What is the term for the fifth layer of the OSI model?
A
PRESENTATION
24
Q
Which layer of the OSI model includes some firewalls?
A
SESSION
25
What devices operate at the fourth layer of the OSI model?
TRANSPORT
26
What happens when a connected device sends data to an access point?
The access point receives the data wirelessly, converts it into a format suitable for the wired network, and forwards it through the Ethernet connection to the router or other network devices.
## Footnote
Example: When you browse a website on your phone, the access point receives the data and sends it to the router for further processing.
27
What happens when data is sent to a wireless device from the network?
The access point receives the data via the wired connection, converts it into wireless signals, and transmits it to the appropriate device.
## Footnote
Additional information: This process ensures that the wireless device can receive and interpret the data sent from the network.
28
What are Standalone Access Points?
These are individual devices that provide wireless coverage in a specific area. They are typically used in small networks, like in homes or small offices.
## Footnote
Example: A standalone access point in a small office provides Wi-Fi coverage for employees to connect their devices.
29
What are Controller-Based Access Points?
These are part of a larger network system and are managed centrally by a wireless LAN controller. They are commonly used in enterprise environments where multiple access points are needed to cover large areas.
## Footnote
Additional information: Controller-based access points offer centralized management and configuration for better network control.
30
What are Mesh Access Points?
These are used in mesh networks, where multiple access points work together to extend wireless coverage over a large area. They communicate with each other to provide seamless connectivity throughout the entire network.
## Footnote
Example: Mesh access points in a smart home network ensure that every corner of the house has strong Wi-Fi signal.
31
What does the access point do in signal transmission and reception?
The access point transmits wireless signals (radio waves) that cover a specific area, known as a "coverage area" or "wireless cell." Devices within this area can connect to the network through the access point.
## Footnote
Example: "The access point in my office covers the entire floor with a strong Wi-Fi signal."
32
What does the access point do with signals from connected devices?
It receives signals from connected wireless devices and forwards them to the wired network or other wireless devices.
## Footnote
Example: "The access point acts as a bridge between my laptop and the internet by forwarding signals."
33
What security protocols do access points often support?
Access points often support various security protocols like WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) or WPA2, to encrypt data.
## Footnote
Example: "My access point uses WPA2 encryption to secure my network."
34
What is SSID broadcasting?
The access point broadcasts a Service Set Identifier (SSID), which is the name of the wireless network. Devices use this SSID to identify and connect to the network.
## Footnote
Example: "I can easily connect to the Wi-Fi network by selecting the correct SSID broadcasted by the access point."
35
How does an access point work in creating a wireless network?
1. The access point generates and transmits a wireless signal over a certain frequency (usually 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz bands). This signal covers a specific area, creating a wireless network within that range.
## Footnote
Example: "My access point operates on the 5 GHz band to provide faster internet speeds."
36
How do wireless devices connect to a network through an access point?
2. Wireless devices scan for available networks by detecting SSIDs broadcasted by access points. When a device selects an SSID, it sends a connection request to the access point.
## Footnote
Example: "My smartphone automatically connects to the network after selecting the SSID broadcasted by the access point."
37
What happens after a device selects an SSID and sends a connection request to the access point?
3. The access point authenticates the device using security protocols like WPA3/WPA2, and once authenticated, it allows the device to join the network.
## Footnote
Example: "After the authentication process, my laptop is granted access to the network through the access point."
38
What is an Access Point (AP)?
An Access Point (AP) is a networking device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi or other wireless standards.
## Footnote
(Wi-Fi Go3 60000 003 080 98833
39
What is the primary function of an access point?
The primary function of an access point is to connect wireless devices to a wired network, enabling them to communicate with each other and access network resources.
## Footnote
DES GONE 080 80 4000 00000 800 400 0000 600
40
What is Wireless Connectivity?
Wireless Connectivity is a key feature of an access point that allows IoT devices to join the network.
## Footnote
Key Features gabe @arts
41
What is Network Bridging?
Network Bridging is the function of an access point that connects wireless devices to a wired network, often through an Ethernet cable, enabling access to network resources.
## Footnote
0 TOTAN BARONES 0001. 600
42
What does a Wi-Fi Signal enable?
A Wi-Fi Signal enables wireless devices to connect to the network, accessing resources like servers, printers, and internet connections.
## Footnote
Laptop Router Laptop Switch Wi-FI Signal Laptop WI-FI Signal Wireless Access Point Laptop
43
What is an Access Point (AP)?
An Access Point (AP) is a networking device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi or other wireless standards.
## Footnote
(Wi-Fi Go3 60000 003 080 98833
44
What is the primary function of an access point?
The primary function of an access point is to connect wireless devices to a wired network, enabling them to communicate with each other and access network resources.
## Footnote
DES GONE 080 80 4000 00000 800 400 0000 600
45
What is Wireless Connectivity?
Wireless Connectivity is a key feature of an access point that allows IoT devices to join the network.
## Footnote
Key Features gabe @arts
46
What is Network Bridging?
Network Bridging is the function of an access point that connects wireless devices to a wired network, often through an Ethernet cable, enabling access to network resources.
## Footnote
0 TOTAN BARONES 0001. 600
47
What does a Wi-Fi Signal enable?
A Wi-Fi Signal enables wireless devices to connect to the network, accessing resources like servers, printers, and internet connections.
## Footnote
Laptop Router Laptop Switch Wi-FI Signal Laptop WI-FI Signal Wireless Access Point Laptop
48
What are Proxy Services?
Firewalls can act as intermediaries between a user and the internet.
## Footnote
Requests are made through the firewall, which then requests the data from the internet on behalf of the user. This helps to mask the user's IP address and can inspect and block malicious content.
49
What is Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)?
DPI examines the data part (payload) of the packet in addition to the header.
## Footnote
This allows for more thorough analysis, such as identifying and blocking malware or enforcing data privacy rules.
50
What is the Purpose of Firewalls?
Firewalls block unauthorized users or programs from accessing your network or system.
## Footnote
They help monitor traffic to and from a network and enforce policies about what is allowed or disallowed. Firewalls can block known threats, such as viruses, worms, and other malware, from entering or spreading within a network.
51
What is a firewall?
A firewall is a network security system designed to monitor, filter, and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
52
What are the types of firewalls?
Firewalls can be hardware-based, software-based, or a combination of both.
53
What is the main purpose of a firewall?
The main purpose of a firewall is to establish a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, such as the internet, to prevent unauthorized access and threats.
54
How do firewalls work with packet filtering?
Firewalls inspect packets of data sent between devices on the network. Each packet is analyzed based on rules defined by the firewall.
55
What is Stateful Inspection?
Stateful Inspection is a method that tracks the state of active connections and makes decisions based on the state and context of traffic. It maintains a state table that records active connections and can make more nuanced decisions than packet filtering alone.
56
DSL Modems
Uses telephone lines to transmit data. They provide a digital signal over the existing phone lines.
## Footnote
Example sentence: My DSL modem allows me to access the internet through my phone line.
57
Cable Modems
Use coaxial cable to deliver internet service, typically offering higher speeds than DSL.
58
Fiber Optic Modems
Use fiber optic cables to deliver high-speed internet with high bandwidth and low latency.
59
Satellite Modems
Receive and transmit signals via satellite, which can be useful in remote areas.
60
What does the modem do when you send data such as a request for a web page?
It converts the digital data into an analog signal.
## Footnote
Example sentence: When you send a request for a web page, the modem converts the data into an analog signal.
61
What happens to the data when it reaches your ISP?
It is converted back into a digital format.
## Footnote
This process is called modulation.
62
What is the process called when the analog signal is converted back into a digital format?
Modulation.
## Footnote
The analog signal is suited for transmission over telephone lines, cable systems, or fiber optic cables.
63
What is the process called when the ISP routes the digital data through their network to the specific online destination you requested?
Demodulation.
## Footnote
Example sentence: The ISP then routes this digital data through their network to the specific online destination you requested.
64
How is the analog signal transmitted to your ISP?
Through the communication line (telephone line, cable line, or fiber optic cable).
## Footnote
Depending on the type of modem, this could be over different mediums, like DSL, cable, or fiber optics.
65
What is the main purpose of a modem?
Its main purpose is to convert digital data from your computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over telephone lines or cable systems, and vice versa.
## Footnote
The primary purpose of a modem is to facilitate the communication between your home network and your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
66
What does a modem stand for?
A modem stands for modulator-demodulator.
## Footnote
A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that enables communication between your home network and your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
67
What would happen without a modem?
Without a modem, your devices wouldn't be able to connect to the internet.
## Footnote
The modem acts as a translator between the digital signals used by your devices and the analog signals used by traditional communication lines.
68
What does a modem modulate?
A modem modulates digital signals.
## Footnote
Modulate - digital signals
69
What does a modem demodulate?
A modem demodulates analog signals.
## Footnote
Demodulate - analog signals
70
What do built-in routers in modems allow them to handle?
Many modern modems come with integrated routers, allowing them to handle both the modem and Signal Modulation.
## Footnote
Built-in Routers - Many modern modems come with integrated routers, allowing them to handle both the modem and Signal Modulation (Outbound Data)
71
What type of data does signal modulation in a modem convert?
Signal Modulation in a modem converts digital data to analog signals.
## Footnote
Signal Modulation (Outbound Data) - Digital to Analog
72
What type of data does signal demodulation in a modem convert?
Signal Demodulation in a modem converts analog data to digital signals.
## Footnote
Signal Demodulation (Inbound Data)
73
What are gaming routers specialized in?
Gaming routers are specialized in reducing network traffic and providing stable, high-speed connections.
74
What advanced feature do gaming routers often come with?
Gaming routers often come with advanced features such as Quality of Service (QoS) settings, which allow users to prioritize gaming data over other types of traffic.
## Footnote
Example: Users can prioritize their online gaming experience over streaming or downloading.
75
What additional components may gaming routers include?
Gaming routers may also include powerful processors, additional RAM, and advanced antennas to handle high-bandwidth demands and multiple simultaneous connections more efficiently.
76
What do gaming routers offer settings for?
Gaming routers offer settings to prioritize gaming data, minimize lag, and optimize routing paths for low latency.
## Footnote
Example: Users can adjust settings to ensure smooth gameplay and reduce delays.
77
What do gaming routers support in terms of connectivity?
Gaming routers often support the latest Wi-Fi standards (like Wi-Fi 6 or 6E), providing faster speeds and improved connectivity.
## Footnote
Example: Users can enjoy faster online gaming experiences with the latest Wi-Fi technology.
78
What cooling system features do gaming routers typically include?
Gaming routers typically include built-in heat sinks or thermal pads that dissipate heat generated by the router's high-performance components.
## Footnote
Example: The cooling system helps maintain optimal performance during intense gaming sessions.
79
What do routers allow devices to do?
Connect and share data over the Internet or an intranet
## Footnote
Example: Routers allow computers, smartphones, and other devices to communicate with each other over a network.
80
What do routers maintain?
Routing tables that list directions for forwarding data to particular network destinations
## Footnote
Additional information: Routing tables help routers determine the best path for data packets to reach their intended destinations.
81
What protocol do routers use to send IP packets?
Internet Protocol (IP)
## Footnote
Example: Routers use the Internet Protocol (IP) to send data packets containing IP addresses of sending and destination devices.
82
What can routers perform to shield private IP addresses and improve security?
Network Address Translation (NAT)
## Footnote
Example: NAT allows routers to translate private IP addresses into public IP addresses before sending data packets over the Internet.
83
What are some types of routers?
Core routers, edge routers
## Footnote
Additional information: Core routers are used within a network to handle large amounts of traffic, while edge routers connect a local network to external networks.
84
What is the purpose of a router?
A router forwards packets to the next device or router along the path until the packet reaches its final destination.
## Footnote
This process is akin to a traveler consulting a map to find the best route to their destination.
85
How are routers built?
Routers can be built from standard computer parts but are mostly specialized purpose-built computers. Early routers used software-based forwarding, running on a CPU.
86
What type of devices increase router performance or add filtering and firewall functions?
More sophisticated devices use application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to increase performance or add filtering and firewall functions.
87
What are the most familiar type of IP routers?
The most familiar type of IP routers are those that connect networks and the Internet.
88
What is the purpose of a router?
A router forwards packets to the next device or router along the path until the packet reaches its final destination.
## Footnote
This process is akin to a traveler consulting a map to find the best route to their destination.
89
How are routers built?
Routers can be built from standard computer parts but are mostly specialized purpose-built computers. Early routers used software-based forwarding, running on a CPU.
90
What type of devices increase router performance or add filtering and firewall functions?
More sophisticated devices use application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to increase performance or add filtering and firewall functions.
91
What are the most familiar type of IP routers?
The most familiar type of IP routers are those that connect networks and the Internet.
92
What is a router?
A router is a key network device that manages and directs traffic between networks.
93
How does a router determine the best next hop for a data packet?
When a data packet arrives at a router, using a routing table which contains information about available paths, the router determines the best next hop for the packet.
## Footnote
Example sentence: Inside a router, several essential components and devices work together to perform its functions.
94
What is a Source Route Bridge?
Routes data packets according to the path specified by the source device, which is included in the data packet.
## Footnote
Example: Source Route Bridge directs data packets based on the source device's path.
95
What is a Transparent Bridge?
Invisible to other network devices, does not reconfigure the network when stations are added or removed, and blocks or forwards data based on MAC addresses.
## Footnote
Example: Transparent Bridge operates without disrupting the network configuration.
96
What is a Translation Bridge?
Translates network protocols between different network segments, allowing separate segments to communicate.
## Footnote
Example: Translation Bridge facilitates communication between diverse network segments.
97
What is the purpose of a bridge?
Connecting and enabling communication between different networks at the data link layer
## Footnote
Example: Bc s8 de da
98
What does a bridge do to extend a network's physical size?
Dividing large, busy networks into smaller, interconnected networks to increase performance
## Footnote
Example: m tn di mee men mene.
99
How does a bridge create an address table?
Creating an address table by monitoring traffic on connected network segments to determine which packets are sent from one LAN to another
## Footnote
Example: LAN AN BUN
100
What is the purpose of filtering and forwarding data packets based on their destination MAC address?
Filtering and forwarding data packets based on their destination MAC address to reduce network congestion and improve performance
## Footnote
Example: MA d 0 a CN Tic Bi
101
How does a bridge improve network performance?
Receiving data packets from both connected network segments and building an internal table of MAC addresses to track which devices are on which segment
## Footnote
Example: 8802800 6080 MAC 88000 GOsT0S
102
What does a bridge do when a packet from segment A is meant for a device on the same segment?
Filtering data - the bridge stops it from going further
## Footnote
Example: C g 0 B00 t0.
103
What does a bridge do when a packet from segment A is meant for a device on segment B?
Forwarding data - the bridge sends it to the correct place on segment B
## Footnote
Example: A GDIOGE OLDOGOLI B ANNOGE CONOCACSES S0 B0
104
How does a bridge ensure reliability in a network?
Repeating the process for data coming from the other direction, improving network performance, enhancing security, and establishing backup paths across the network
## Footnote
Example: 5000 000 deN 00001 COt30 S B08 5000
105
What is a Layer 3 Switch (Multilayer Switch)?
Combines the functions of a switch (Layer 2) and a router (Layer 3), enabling it to perform routing functions in addition to switching.
## Footnote
Example sentence: C3 000 23800
106
What is a Bridge in computer networking?
A device that connects two or more local area segments, enabling them to communicate. Operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
## Footnote
Example sentence: Station A - Station D
107
What is the main function of a Bridge?
Reads the source address of incoming data packets, forwarding them only to their target destination instead of broadcasting them to all connected segments.
## Footnote
Example sentence: The switch is commonly referred to as a multi-port network bridge
108
What does a Bridge allow for in terms of traffic handling?
Allows for more efficient handling of traffic between different subnets.
## Footnote
Example sentence: HUB 1 - HUB 2
109
What is a Layer 3 Switch (Multilayer Switch)?
Combines the functions of a switch (Layer 2) and a router (Layer 3), enabling it to perform routing functions in addition to switching.
## Footnote
Example sentence: C3 000 23800
110
What is a Bridge in computer networking?
A device that connects two or more local area segments, enabling them to communicate. Operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
## Footnote
Example sentence: Station A - Station D
111
What is the main function of a Bridge?
Reads the source address of incoming data packets, forwarding them only to their target destination instead of broadcasting them to all connected segments.
## Footnote
Example sentence: The switch is commonly referred to as a multi-port network bridge
112
What does a Bridge allow for in terms of traffic handling?
Allows for more efficient handling of traffic between different subnets.
## Footnote
Example sentence: HUB 1 - HUB 2
113
What is a Layer 3 Switch (Multilayer Switch)?
Combines the functions of a switch (Layer 2) and a router (Layer 3), enabling it to perform routing functions in addition to switching.
## Footnote
Example sentence: C3 000 23800
114
What is a Bridge in computer networking?
A device that connects two or more local area segments, enabling them to communicate. Operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
## Footnote
Example sentence: Station A - Station D
115
What is the main function of a Bridge?
Reads the source address of incoming data packets, forwarding them only to their target destination instead of broadcasting them to all connected segments.
## Footnote
Example sentence: The switch is commonly referred to as a multi-port network bridge
116
What does a Bridge allow for in terms of traffic handling?
Allows for more efficient handling of traffic between different subnets.
## Footnote
Example sentence: HUB 1 - HUB 2
117
What happens if a switch receives a data frame intended for a device on the same port as the sender?
It filters out the frame and does not forward it to other ports.
## Footnote
Example: If computer A sends data to computer B on the same switch port, the switch will filter out the data frame and not forward it to other ports.
118
What types of traffic do switches handle in addition to unicast traffic?
Switches also handle broadcast and multicast traffic.
## Footnote
This helps reduce unnecessary network traffic.
119
What is the difference between broadcast and multicast traffic?
Broadcasts are sent to all devices on the network, while multicast traffic is sent to a group of devices interested in the data.
## Footnote
Example: Broadcasting a message to all devices on a local network.
120
What is an Unmanaged Switch?
A simple plug-and-play device with no configuration options. It is used in small networks where traffic management and security are not major concerns.
## Footnote
Example: A basic switch used in a home network.
121
What is a Managed Switch?
A switch that allows for configuration and management, providing features like VLANs, Quality of Service (QoS), link VLAN.
## Footnote
Managed switches are typically used in larger, more complex networks.
122
What type of communication do switches support?
Switches support full-duplex communication, allowing simultaneous data transmission and reception on each port.
## Footnote
Example: This capability enhances throughput and reduces latency.
123
How do switches handle broadcast and multicast packets?
While switches primarily forward packets to specific devices, they can also handle broadcast packets by sending them to all ports. Multicast packets can be forwarded to specific groups of devices, optimizing bandwidth usage.
124
What happens when a switch is first connected to the network?
1. When a switch is first connected to the network, it doesn't initially know which MAC addresses are associated with which. When a device sends data, the switch records the source MAC address and the port it came from in its MAC address table.
## Footnote
Example: AN ON 80, 380G 08 MAC 088 Port dE 000) 203.
125
How does a switch handle data frames with destination MAC addresses?
2. When the switch receives a data frame, it checks the destination MAC address. If the address is found in the MAC address table, the switch forwards the data to the corresponding port.
## Footnote
Example: Do.
126
What does a switch do if the destination MAC address is not in the table?
3. If the destination MAC address is not in the table, the switch will broadcast the frame to all ports (except the one it was received on), similar to how a hub operates. Once the destination device responds, the switch updates its MAC address table with the new MAC address.
127
What type of communication do switches support?
Switches support full-duplex communication, allowing simultaneous data transmission and reception on each port.
## Footnote
Example: This capability enhances throughput and reduces latency.
128
How do switches handle broadcast and multicast packets?
While switches primarily forward packets to specific devices, they can also handle broadcast packets by sending them to all ports. Multicast packets can be forwarded to specific groups of devices, optimizing bandwidth usage.
129
What happens when a switch is first connected to the network?
1. When a switch is first connected to the network, it doesn't initially know which MAC addresses are associated with which. When a device sends data, the switch records the source MAC address and the port it came from in its MAC address table.
## Footnote
Example: AN ON 80, 380G 08 MAC 088 Port dE 000) 203.
130
How does a switch handle data frames with destination MAC addresses?
2. When the switch receives a data frame, it checks the destination MAC address. If the address is found in the MAC address table, the switch forwards the data to the corresponding port.
## Footnote
Example: Do.
131
What does a switch do if the destination MAC address is not in the table?
3. If the destination MAC address is not in the table, the switch will broadcast the frame to all ports (except the one it was received on), similar to how a hub operates. Once the destination device responds, the switch updates its MAC address table with the new MAC address.
132
What does the switch do with MAC addresses of devices connected to its ports?
The switch learns and stores the MAC addresses of devices connected to its ports in a MAC address table.
## Footnote
Example: Mac-Address-Table
E1: 0000.1111.2222
E2: 0000.1111.5556
E3: 0000.1111.3333
E4: 0000.1111.4444
133
Why does the switch learn and store MAC addresses?
This allows the switch to efficiently route packets to the correct destination without broadcasting to all ports.
134
What is the MAC address of device E1?
0000.1111.2222
135
What is the MAC address of device E2?
0000.1111.5556
136
What is the MAC address of device E3?
0000.1111.3333
137
What is the MAC address of device E4?
0000.1111.4444
138
Types of Hubs: Active Hubs
These hubs have built-in electronics that regenerate and amplify incoming signals, allowing for longer distances between devices. They require a power source to function.
## Footnote
Example sentence: Active hubs are commonly used in large network setups to extend the reach of the network.
139
Types of Hubs: Passive Hubs
These simply connect devices without any signal processing. They do not amplify or regenerate signals and are typically used in smaller setups.
## Footnote
Additional information: Passive hubs are a cost-effective solution for connecting devices in a small office or home network.
140
Types of Hubs: Intelligent Hubs
These hubs include management features that allow for monitoring, troubleshooting network issues, functioning similarly to switches but with some additional capabilities.
## Footnote
Example sentence: Intelligent hubs are commonly used in enterprise networks to provide advanced network management capabilities.
141
Network Switch
A network switch is a networking device that connects multiple devices within a Local Area Network (LAN) and intelligently forwards data to the specific device that is the intended recipient.
## Footnote
Additional information: Unlike a network hub, a switch only sends data to the device that needs it, improving network efficiency.
142
Packet Forwarding
The switch receives incoming data packets and forwards them to the appropriate destination port based on the MAC address.
## Footnote
Example sentence: Packet forwarding is a key function of network switches to ensure that data reaches the correct destination efficiently.
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Types of Hubs: Active Hubs
These hubs have built-in electronics that regenerate and amplify incoming signals, allowing for longer distances between devices. They require a power source to function.
## Footnote
Example sentence: Active hubs are commonly used in large network setups to extend the reach of the network.
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Types of Hubs: Passive Hubs
These simply connect devices without any signal processing. They do not amplify or regenerate signals and are typically used in smaller setups.
## Footnote
Additional information: Passive hubs are a cost-effective solution for connecting devices in a small office or home network.
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Types of Hubs: Intelligent Hubs
These hubs include management features that allow for monitoring, troubleshooting network issues, functioning similarly to switches but with some additional capabilities.
## Footnote
Example sentence: Intelligent hubs are commonly used in enterprise networks to provide advanced network management capabilities.
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Network Switch
A network switch is a networking device that connects multiple devices within a Local Area Network (LAN) and intelligently forwards data to the specific device that is the intended recipient.
## Footnote
Additional information: Unlike a network hub, a switch only sends data to the device that needs it, improving network efficiency.
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Packet Forwarding
The switch receives incoming data packets and forwards them to the appropriate destination port based on the MAC address.
## Footnote
Example sentence: Packet forwarding is a key function of network switches to ensure that data reaches the correct destination efficiently.
