networking

Question 1

router

2

Answer 1

• Forwards data packets between networks, creating an overlay internetwork
• Can merge with switch, firewall, and modem within one hardware component

Question 2

switch

2

Answer 2

• Connects devices on a network
• Directs data to the device that requested it

Question 3

firewall

3

Answer 3

• Can be hardware or software
• Controls incoming and outgoing network traffic by analysing data packets and determining whether it should be let through
• Hardware: protects you from outside world, software: protect specific device from other internal systems

Question 3

modem

1

Answer 3

• Modulates analog signals to encode information, and demodulates signals to decode

Question 4

Wireless access point

2

Answer 4

• Allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network
• Connects to router or is built in

Question 5

Network interface card (NIC)

2

Answer 5

• Enables device to connect to a network
• Connects to cable or wifi which connects to network

Question 6

what is networking?

and resources examples

Answer 6

group of computers that are interconnected for the purpose of exchanging data and sharing resources
- Resources: printers, internet access, servers, modems, scanners

Question 7

what is a network operating system? what is its key functions?

Answer 7

Operating system: is a specialized software that manages network resources and facilitates communication between devices on network
- key functions: controls network traffic, defines communication protocols, manages resources, handles user authentication

Question 8

network operating systen server vs client software?

Answer 8

• server software: installed on servers, control file access, authentication
• client software: installed on device, establish connection via NIC between device and other devices on network

Question 9

what is a network protocol? and network standard?

3 for protocol, 1 for standard

Answer 9

What is a network protocol?
- Set of rules followed by network
- Made up of rules, procedures, and formats that define communication between multiple devices over a network
- Must be used by sender and receiver

What is a network standard: an industry agreed upon standard for the rules that make-up protocols

Question 9

TCP/IP definition

Answer 9

: transmission control protocol/internet protocol, is a suite of communication protocols that governs how data is transmitted over the internet and other networks

Question 10

TCP/IP points?

4

Answer 10

• TCP converts data into segments so it can be sent between a server and client
• IP is the address to which the data Is sent. TCP is responsible for delivery
• It divides the different communications into layers, each layer has a different function, and it helps keep things standardized
• TCP is reliable data delivery – recovering damaged, lost, unordered data by the network layer

Question 11

what are the TCP/IP layers?

5

Answer 11

applicant, transport, internet, network, physical layer

Question 12

what is HTTP definition and points

2 points

Answer 12

Definition: Hypertext transfer protocol, A set of rules a server has to follow when it comes to the transmission of files through the world wide web
- HTTP works within the application layer
- No SSL certificate required

Question 13

HTTPS points

5

Answer 13

• Same this as HTTP but secure
• Works within transport layer
• HTTP with a SSL (secure socket layer)
• SSL established secure connections for protocols
• All communications between browser and website are encrypted

Question 14

public key encryption points

3

Answer 14

• Uses pair of keys
• Public key is freely shared, allowing anyone to encrypt messages to owner
• Private key owned by owner, can decrypt the messages

Question 15

digital certificates purpose

2

Answer 15

verifies identity, makes owners public key available

Question 16

digital signature points and purpose

2 points

Answer 16

• Are fundamental component of public key infrastructure, that provides crucial security services for electronic communication and transaction
  -l
• Purposes: authentication of sender, integrity (message not altered during transmit), non-repudiation (proof the sender actually sent the message

Question 17

802.11x definition and purpose?

Answer 17

• definition: family of standards defining how wireless LANs operate (Wi-Fi)
• Purpose: built with the intent of replacing ethernet using wireless communication

Question 18

802.11x characteristics

6

Answer 18

• Wi-Fi uses radio frequency
• Evolution of frequencies and speeds
• Wi-Fi access points are now set up at home and public hotspots, giving convenient internet access
• Become essential part of lives
• More susceptible to interference from other devices
• • communication standard developed for wireless LAN technology (WLAN)

Question 19

802.11x advantages

3

Answer 19

• Cost effective
• Mobility
• Wider coverage

Question 20

802.11x disadvantages

3

Answer 20

• Security concerns
• Slower data transfer speeds
• strength

Question 21

802.3 definition and purpose

Answer 21

Definition: ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for LANs, forming the basic technology for connectivity
- Purpose: provides foundation for how data is transmitted/received in a wired network

Question 22

802.3 characteristics

3

Answer 22

• Commonly associated with ethernet cables or twisted pair cables
• Different cables and speeds
• Stable, high speed connection that is less prone to interference

Question 23

802.3 advantages | 3

Answer 23

- Not expensive - Simple to join - Flexible cabling

Question 24

802.3 disadvantages | 2

Answer 24

- One fault affects whole system - Data packet collisions

Question 25

firewalls - as security measure | 1 def, 2 points

Answer 25

- Controls incoming/outgoing network traffic by analysing data packets and determining whether iit should be let through - Hardware or software - Can filter: ports, IP addresses, domain names, protocols, keywords

Question 26

physical security measure | 2 points + examples

Answer 26

- Limits access to spaces where data is stored, preventing unauthorized access from gaining sensitive information - E.g. cameras, biometric authentication, access controls, locks/keys - Should be implemented alongside cyber security measures to ensure safety

Question 26

passwords as security measure | 4 points

Answer 26

- A sequence of characters used to verify users identity and grant access - Type of authentication - More complex = harder to crack - Better passwords include: upper and lower case, numbers, special characters

Question 26

other security measures | 6

Answer 26

- Authentication - Network/route settings - Setting access permissions - Encryption - Logging: - Backups: