Networking concepts

Question 1

Command: ping

Answer 1

Purpose: Tests connectivity between devices

Question 2

Command: traceroute (Linux) / tracert (Windows)

Answer 2

Purpose: Traces the path packets take to a destination

Question 3

Command: netstat

Answer 3

Purpose: Displays active connections, stats, and routing tables

Question 4

Command: ipconfig (Windows)

Answer 4

Purpose: Shows IP address configuration

Question 5

ipconfig /release

Answer 5

Drops current IP address

Question 6

ipconfig /renew

Answer 6

Requests a new IP from DHCP

Question 7

Command: ifconfig (Linux)

Answer 7

Purpose: Legacy tool for viewing and configuring network interfaces

Question 8

Concept: NAT (Network Address Translation)

Answer 8

Purpose: Translates private IPs to public IPs for internet access

Question 9

Concept: BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

Answer 9

Purpose: Routes data between autonomous systems; used by ISPs

Question 10

Protocol: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Answer 10

Purpose: Reliable, connection-oriented communication with error checking

Question 11

Protocol: UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Answer 11

Purpose: Fast, connectionless communication without delivery guarantees (lower overhead)