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Cyber Security > Networking Essentials > Flashcards

Networking Essentials Flashcards

1
Q

what does ARP stand for

A

Address resolution Protocol

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2
Q

IP traffic is managed based on the characteristics and devices associated with each of the three layers of the hierarchical network design model

A

Access, Distribution and Core

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3
Q

access layer

A

ethernet switch

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4
Q

ipv6 version of arp is

A

neighbor discovery

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5
Q

distribution layer

A

router

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6
Q

LAN

A

local area network or group of interconnected local networks

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7
Q

To make the IPv4 address easier to understand, each octet is presented as its decimal value, separated by a decimal point or period.

A

This is referred to as dotted-decimal notation.

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8
Q 
the comparison of two bits that produce the results shown here: 
1 and 1 = 1
1 and 0 = 0
0 and 0 = 0
0 and 1 = 0
A

logical AND

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9
Q

classful system

A 
class a 0-127 binary 0
255.0.0.0
class b 128-191 binary starting with 10
255.255.0.0
class c 192-223 binary starting with 110
255.255.255.0
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10
Q

iana

A

internet assigned numbers authority

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11
Q

IANA

A

internet assigned numbers authority manages and allocates blocks of IP addresses to the Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)

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12
Q

RIR’s

A

regional internet registries allocates ip addresses to isps

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13
Q

ARIN

A

American registry for internet numbers manages and maintains ipv4 and ivp6 addresses for north america.

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14
Q

AFRINIC

A

African network info centre manages and maintains ipv4 and ivp6 addresses for africa.

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15
Q

APNIC

A

Asia pacific network info centre manages and maintains ipv4 and ivp6 addresses for the Asia and Pacific regions including Australia.

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16
Q

RIPE

A

Reseaux ip european manages and maintains ipv4 and ivp6 addresses for Europe the middle east and central asia.

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17
Q

LACNIC

A

Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP address registry manages and maintains ipv4 and ivp6 addresses for Latin American and some Caribbean Islands.

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18
Q

private ip address

A

begin with 10, 172, 192

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19
Q

3 types of cast from a host with ip addresses

A

unicast, broadcast, multicast

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20
Q

NAT

A

Network Address Translation The process used to convert private addresses to Internet-routable addresses is called

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21
Q

IETF

A

Internet Engineering Task Force

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22
Q

first ipv6 1995

A

RFC1883 superseded by RFC2460

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23
Q

ipv6 compression

A

leading zeros can be omitted and contiguous zeros can be replaced with a colon, for example 00fc would be fc and 99:0000:00tf would be 99::tf the double colon can only be used once in an address

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24
Q

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC

A

allows a host to create its own Internet routable address (global unicast address or GUA) without the need for a DHCP server

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25
Q

ipv4

A

set of 32 binary bits 1’s and 0’s grouped into 4 8 bit bytes called octets 2 parts network and host subnet mask further demonstrates the network and host portions

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26
Q

network of servers is called a

A

server farm

27
Q

is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components.

A

A data center

28
Q

url

A

uniform resource locater

29
Q

Domain Name System (DNS) -

A

Resolves Internet names to IP addresses.

30
Q

Secure Shell (SSH) -

A

Used to provide remote access to servers and networking devices.

31
Q

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) -

A

Sends email messages and attachments from clients to servers and from servers to other email servers.

32
Q

Post Office Protocol (POP) -

A

Used by email clients to retrieve email and attachments from a remote server.

33
Q

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

A
  • Used by email clients to retrieve email and attachments from a remote server.
34
Q

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) -

A

Used to automatically configure devices with IP addressing and other necessary information to enable them to communicate over the Internet.

35
Q

Web Server -

A

Transfers the files that make up the web pages of the World Wide Web using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

36
Q

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) -

A

Used for interactive file transfer between systems.

37
Q

four different levels of the TCP/IP model are:

A

Application Layer Protocol
Transport Layer Protocol
Internetwork Layer Protocol
NetworkAccess Layer Protocol

38
Q

Application Layer Protocol -

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) governs the way that a web server and a web client interact. HTTP defines the format of the requests and responses exchanged between the client and server. HTTP relies on other protocols to govern how the messages are transported between client and server.

39
Q

Transport Layer Protocol -

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ensures that IP packets are sent reliably and any missing packets are resent. TCP provides proper ordering of packets received out of order.

40
Q

internetwork Layer Protocol -

A

The most common internetwork protocol is Internet Protocol (IP). IP is responsible for taking the formatted segments from TCP, assigning the logical addressing, and encapsulating them into packets for routing to the destination host.

41
Q

Network Access Layer -

A

The specific protocol at the network access layer depends on the type of media and transmission methods used in the physical network.

42
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol

43
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol

44
Q

ICANN

A

the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. Ports are assigned and managed by this organization

45
Q

Ports have 3 categories and range in number from 1 to 65,535

A

Well known ports
Registered ports
Private ports

46
Q

Well-Known Ports -

A

Destination ports that are associated with common network applications are identified as well-known ports. These ports are in the range of 1 to 1023.

47
Q

Registered Ports -

A

Ports 1024 through 49151 can be used as either source or destination ports. These can be used by organizations to register specific applications such as IM applications.

48
Q

Private Ports -

A

Ports 49152 through 65535, often used as source ports. These ports can be used by any application.

49
Q

source port

A

The source port number is associated with the originating application on the local host.

50
Q

destination port

A

The destination port number is associated with the destination application on the remote host:

51
Q

port 53

A

dns server request

52
Q

port 21

A

ftp server control connection requests

53
Q

port 20

A

ftp data transfer

54
Q

tcp port 23

A

telnet servers listen for client request on this port

55
Q

port 25

A

smtp server requests

56
Q

port 110

A

clients contact pop3 servers on this port pop3 deletes messages from servers once they are accessed by the client

57
Q

port 143

A

imap4 keeps messages on servers until user deletes

58
Q

IEEE

A

The main organization responsible for the creation of wireless technical standards

59
Q

network name (ssid)

A

service set identifier. The SSID is a case-sensitive, alpha-numeric string that is up to 32-characters

60
Q

csma/ca

A

Wireless technology uses an access method called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). CSMA/CA creates a reservation on the channel for a specific conversation between devices. While a reservation is in place, no other device may transmit on the channel thus possible collisions are avoided.

61
Q

ap

A

access point

62
Q

two types of dos attacks

A

syn(synchronous) flooding and ping of death

63
Q

synchronous flooding

A

SYN (synchronous) Flooding - a flood of packets are sent to a server requesting a client connection. The packets contain invalid source IP addresses. The server becomes occupied trying to respond to these fake requests and therefore cannot respond to legitimate ones.

64
Q

ping of death

A

Ping of death - a packet that is greater in size than the maximum allowed by IP (65,535 bytes) is sent to a device. This can cause the receiving system to crash.

Cyber Security (2 decks)

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