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CompTia Network+ N10-1008 > Networking Fundamentals - Objective 1 > Flashcards

Networking Fundamentals - Objective 1 Flashcards

OSI model, Network topologies & types, cables & connectors, IP addressing, protocols & ports, network services, corporate & datacenter architecture, cloud

1
Q

FDDI

A

A fiber ring topology that uses two counter-rotating rings for redundancy [on the N10-008 “ring” always means FDDI ring]

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2
Q

Formula for calculating the number of connections in a full-mesh network topology

A

x=n(n-1)/2

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3
Q

Multiplexing

A

Simultaneous use of baseband connection by more than one device

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4
Q

In which OSI layer do WAPs operate?

A

Layer 1

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5
Q

In which OSI layer do media converters operate?

A

Layer 1

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6
Q

In which OSI layers do NICs operate?

A

Layers 2 & 1

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7
Q

In which OSI layer do bridges operate?

A

Layer 2

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8
Q

3 things handled by the MAC sublayer

A
  • creating& addressing frames
  • checking the FCS
  • sending data to layer 1
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9
Q

3 things handled by the logical link control sublayer

A
  • communication with the OS via drivers
  • network protocols
  • flow control
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10
Q

H.323

A

Used to set up, maintain, & tear down a voice/video connection

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11
Q

What protocol does H.323 & H.264 operate under?

A

RTP Real Time Protocol

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12
Q

2 main functions of OSI layer 6

A
  • data formatting
  • encryption
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13
Q

2 main functions of OSI layer 7

A
  • Application services e.g. file transfer
  • Service advertisment
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14
Q

RST flag

A

Reset flag
Used when a client or server receives a packet that it was not expecting during the current connection

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15
Q

PSH flag

A

Push flag
Used to ensure that the data is given priority & is processed at the sending or receiving ends

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16
Q

URG flag

A

The urgent flag
Indicates data of the highest priority which should be immediately processed

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17
Q

EtherType Field

A

Indicates which protocol is encapsulated in the payload of the frame

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18
Q

What does the OSI application layer refer to?

A

The code (API) built into all operating systems that enables network-aware applications

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19
Q

2 major functions of the OSI transport layer

A

Segmentation & reassembly

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20
Q

SFTP full name and port number

A

SSH File Transfer Protocol
22

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21
Q

Protocol used to boot an OS from a LAN file server

A

TFTP

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22
Q

Active Directory port number

A

TCP 389

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23
Q

System Logging Protocol (Syslog)

What port number do servers listen on?

A

UDP 514

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24
Q

SMTP TLS
Port number

A

TCP 587

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25
LDAPS Port number
TCP 636
26
IMAP over SSL Port number
TCP 993
27
POPv3 over SSL Port number
TCP 995
28
SQL Port number
TCP 1433
29
SQLnet Protocol function
Communication from client to an Oracle database
30
MySQL function
Communication from a client to the MySQL database engine
31
SQLnet Protocol Port number
TCP 1521
32
MySQL Port number
TCP 3306
33
RDP Port number
TCP 3389
34
SIP Port number
TCP or UDP commonly: 5060 non-encrypted 5061 encrypted with TLS
35
Which coaxial cable is used to connect the ISP service to a home?
RG-6
36
Which coaxial cable is used to connect a wall cable to a cable modem
RG-59
37
MDIX
Medium Dependent Interface Crossover An automated way to electronically simulate a crossover cable connector
38
What is non-plenum cable also known as?
PVC
39
MTRJ
Mechanical transfer registered jack The smallest fiber connector
40
APC
Angled Physical Contact Connector Fiber cable end polished at an 8 degree angle making for less signal noise
41
UPC
Ultra Physical Contact Connector Fiber cable end polished flat (no angle)
42
APC & UPC are used by which connectors, respectively?
SC & MTRJ
43
APC & UPC connectors are usually what colors, respectively?
Green & blue
44
Maximum number of channels supported by CWDM
18
45
Maximum speeds supported by Ethernet & fiber CWDM, respectively
10 & 16 Gbps
46
SFPs & QSFPs
Small Form Factor Pluggable & Quad Small Form Factor Pluggable Optical module transceivers of different types operating at speeds from 4.2-200 Gbps
47
GBIC
Gigabit Interface Converter Gigabit Ethernet transceiver used for copper or fiber
48
Range of first octet of a class A IP address
1-127
49
Range of first octet of a class B IP address
128-191
50
Range of first octet of a class C IP address
192-223
51
Range of first octet of a class D IP address
224-239
52
Range of first octet of a class E IP address
240-255
53
Private class A address range
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
54
Private class B address range
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
55
Private class C address range
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
56
Loopback address range
127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255
57
APIPA address range
169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255
58
Steps of the DHCP 4-way handshake
**D**iscover **O**ffer **R**equest **A**cknowledgement
59
RFC 1918
Request for Comments 1918 Specifications for assigning private IP addresses
60
SLAAC
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration How a system creates for itself an IPv6 link local address Eliminates the need to obtain addresses or other configuration information from a central server
61
How a IPv6 link-local address begins
FE80
62
How a IPv6 multicast address begins
FF
63
3 main benefits of IPv6 compared to IPv4
- No broadcasts - No fragmentation - Simplified header
64
Number of bits is a hexadecimal digit worth
4 bits
65
Number of bits in an IPv6 address
128 bits
66
NDP redirect function
Routers informing host of better first-hop routers
67
NDP Five main functions
Neighbor Discovery Protocol - Router solicitation and advertisement - Neighbor solicitation and advertisement - Redirect
68
IP Class D purpose
Multicast
69
DHCP Relay
Forwards DHCP packets between clients and servers 
70
Situation in which DHCP relay is necessary
When the client device and the DHCP server are not located on the same subnet or network 
71
IP Helper
Forwards several different kinds of UDP broadcasts across the router and can be used in conjunction with the DHCP relay
72
Maximum number of NTP stratum levels
15 levels
73
Physical makeup of cable modem networks
A cable television infrastructure that is a hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) distribution network
74
DOCSIS
The standard that determines the frequencies used in cable modem networking
75
Sizes of ATM header and payload
Five bites and 48 bites
76
T1 max speed
1.544 Mbps
77
T3 max speed
44.736 Mbps
78
E1 max speed
2.048 Mbps
79
E3 max speed
34.4 Mbps
80
ATM max speed range
OC-3: 155 Mbps up to OC-12: 622 Mbps
81
SONET max speeds
OC-1: 51.84 Mbps up to OC-3072: 159.25 Gbps
82
mGRE
Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation Enables one node to communicate with many other nodes. Used on a router at a main office to facilitate multiple VPN connections
83
VPN protocol usually paired with mGRE
DMVPN
84
2 benefits of DMVPN
- security - no need to statically configure all the VPN endpoints
85
FC
Fibre Channel Special purpose hardware providing 1-16 Gbps of storage area network speed
86
SAN
Storage Area Network Specialized LAN that transfers data at block-level with a special protocol
87
FCoE
Fibre Channel Over Ethernet Runs FC over Ethernet networks instead of specialized hardware
88
iSCSI $ cost & configuration
IP Small Computer System Interface Lowers cost & relies on configuration that allows jumbo frames over the network
89
Default & jumbo frame sizes
1500 & 9000 MTU
90
InfiniBand: - what it is - 4 characteristics - where it's used
A virtualized storage technology - Switched fabric topology - Very high throughput - Very low latency - Expensive Big datacenters
91
Orchestration
The process of arranging or coordinating the installation & configuration of multiple systems
92
4 protections provided by IPSec
- CIA - Anti-Replay
93
DNAT
Dynamic Address Translation A type of NAT in which many computers can share a pool of routable IP addresses that number fewer than the computers
94
SFP typical max speed
1 Gbps
95
SFP+ typical max speed
10 Gbps
96
Type of fiber cable that has a yellow sheath
SMF
97
Type of fiber cable that has an aqua blue or orange sheath
MMF
98
CWDM max number of channels & speeds
Coarse wavelength division multiplexing - 18 - Ethernet: 10 Gbps - Fiber: 16 Gbps
99
DWDM max number of channels & speeds
Dense wavelength division multiplexing - 80 - 8 Tbps (100 Gbps per channel)
100
Baseline Configurations
Set of specifications for an information system, or a configuration item within a system, that has been formally reviewed and agreed on - Changes will be properly tested and approved to be part of the new baseline
101
A way to segment BYOD devices
Create a segmented network where devices can connect directly to the internet & then use cloud-hosted resources
102
3 tiers of a 3-tier architecture
1. Core 2. Distribution 3. Access
103
Spine and Leaf Architecture 2 bullet points
Associated with top-of-rack switching where each leaf is a switch on top of a rack - Each leaf connects to each spine switch - Leaves do not connect to each other
104
Advantages (3) and disadvantage (1) of spine and leaf architecture
- Simple cabling - Redundant - Fast - Additional switches may be costly
105
East-west traffic flow
Traffic between devices in the same data center
106
North traffic flow
Data exiting the data center
107
Resource pooling
Cloud providers serving multiple clients with provisional and scalable services
108
Site-to-site vs. client-to-site VPN setup
Client-to-site requires client software to be installed & uses two concentrators. Site-to-site requires a router to be configured.
109
3 types of IPv6 addresses
- Unicast - Multicast - Anycast
110
Beginning of a globally routed IPv6 address
Any number from 2000 to 3999
110
2 types of IPv6 unicast addresses
- Globally routed - Link-local
111
LDAP port number
TCP or UDP 389
112
South traffic flow
Data entering the data center
113
What a router will do with a packet it has no entry for in its routing table
Drop the packet
114
ICMP
A set of communication rules that devices use to communicate data transmission errors in a network
115
5 IP protocol types
- ICMP - TCP - UDP - GRE - IPsec
116
VIP
Virtual IP An IP address that does not correspond to a single physical network interface
117
Some things (6 things) an IPS can do
- Send an alarm - Create correlation rules & remediation - Drop malicious packets - Provide malware protection - Reset the connection of offending source hosts - Close ports
118
6 types of IPv6 tunneling
- Manual - GRE - 6to4 - Automatic 6to4 - ISATAP - Teredo
119
Benefits of spine-and-leaf over 3-tier
- Scalability - Lower latency - Increased bandwidth
120
What happens to data as it travels from Layer 7 to Layer 1 of the OSI model
Encapsulation
122

CompTia Network+ N10-1008 (5 decks)

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