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Networking & Storage Flashcards

1
Q

Computer Network

A

Collection of computers and network devices that use communication channels for communication and resource sharing.

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2
Q

Network Topology

A

How different computers and network devices are arranged physically.

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3
Q

Point-to-point topology

A

Direct communication between two devices.

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4
Q

Line Topology

A

Data is passed between nodes in a sequential order.

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5
Q

Ring Topology

A

Connection of devices through other intermediate devices so there is no direct communication.

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6
Q

Mesh Topology

A

No specific arrangement.

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7
Q

Star Topology

A

Uses one intermediate device that connects all the other devices.

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8
Q

Fully Connected Topology

A

All devices are connected directly to each other.

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9
Q

Tree Topology

A

Devices are connected in a hierarchical way to achieve different access levels.

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10
Q

Bus Topology

A

All the devices are connected to one base line.

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11
Q

OSI Model

A

Method of how computers communicate with each other over a network. This method contains a stake of protocols to support the duties of each layer’s task.

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12
Q

The OSI Model in the order of the sender transmitting Data

A

Application layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data Link layer
Physical layer

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13
Q

The OSI Model in the order of the Receiver receiving data

A

Physical layer
Data Link layer
Network layer
Transport layer
Session layer
Presentation layer
Application layer

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14
Q

Application layer

A

Works with web applications and handles the data so it is converted to a format that can be humanly readable.

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15
Q

Presentation layer

A
  1. Translation
  2. Data compression
  3. Encryption
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16
Q

Session Layer

A
  1. Authentication
  2. Authorization
  3. Manages the session
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17
Q

Transport Layer

A
  1. Handles segments
  2. Flow control
  3. Error handling
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18
Q

Protocols in the Transport Layer

A
  • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
  • UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
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19
Q

TCP

A

Connection oriented protocol where a direct communication pathway is created.

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20
Q

Process of TCP

A
  1. Sender requests the establishment of communication pathway from Receiver.
  2. Receiver sends an notification of agreement.
  3. Sender sends the data.
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21
Q

Advantages of TCP

A
  • High security
  • High reliability
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22
Q

Disadvantage of TCP

A
  • Slower
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23
Q

UDP

A

Connectionless oriented protocol.

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24
Q

Advantages of UDP

A

Faster due to the lack of proper pathway establishment.

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25
Disadvantages of UDP
- Less secure - Less reliable
26
Network Layer
1. IP Addressing 2. Path determination 3. Routing
27
What are the additions to the segment in the Network Layer and what does it become?
- Source IP Address - Destination IP Address (Becomes a packet)
28
Protocol of the Network Layer
Internet Protocol
29
Data Link Layer
1. Handles frames 2. Responsible for sending the data to the actual physical device 3. Handles Errors
30
What are the additions to the packet at the Data Link Layer and what does it become?
- Source MAC Address - Destination MAC Address (Becomes a frame)
31
How does the Data Link Layer handle errors?
Back Tracking
32
What happens to the frames when their physical location changes?
There source MAC and destination MAC changes according to each location.
33
Protocol used in the Data Link Layer
Physical addressing
34
Physical layer
Converts digital data into electrical or optical signals.
35
Primary memory characteristics
- Volatile - Temporarily stores data and instructions that the CPU requires - Fast Access
36
Examples of Primary Memory
- RAM - Cache Memory - Registers
37
Secondary Memory Characteristics
- Non-volatile - Long-term storage for files, applications and operating systems. - Long-term access
38
Examples of secondary memory
- HDD - SSD - Optical disc - USB
39
Hard Disk Drives Characteristics
- Magnetic - Consists of spinning platters coated with magnetic material
40
Advantage of HDD
Cheaper
41
Disadvantages of HDD
- Slower - Creates large amounts of heat
42
Solid State Drive Characteristics
- Flash Memory - No moving parts
43
Advantages of SSD
- Faster access - Better durability
44
Disadvantages of SSD
- Expensive - Generates less heat
45
Optical Disk Characteristics
- Uses optical technology - pits and lands that represent binary
46
Advantage of OD
Inexpensive long-term storage
47
Disadvantage of OD
Slower Access
48
USB Advantage
Small and portable
49
USB Disadvantage
Limited storage capacity
50
Registers
Are the smallest and fastest memory unit within the CPU
51
Function of Registers
Provides the CPU with direct access to critical data and instructions.
52
Data Registers
Used to temporarily store information that needs to be processed.
53
Address registers
Temporarily stores memory addresses.
54
Control Registers
Temporarily stores instructions and control signals generated by the CPU.
55
General purpose register
Can be used to temporarily store any type of data.
56
Pointer registers
Points towards the memory address where the data is processed.
57
Index registers
Stores index calculations and addressing.
58
Segment registers
Stores different segments of processing - instructions - data - return addresses
59
Flag registers
Sends and receives data using user instructions.
60
DMA
Direct Memory Access
61
Function of DMA
Allows peripheral devices to directly access the internal storage without the CPU.
62
DMA Controller Process
1. CPU delegates authority to DMA 2. Peripheral devices access the memory through the DMA
63
Lossy File Compression
A type of compression which reduces bits by removing unnecessary or less important information.
64
Lossless Data Compression
Is a type of compression that reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy.
65
SAN
Storage Area Network
66
Function of SAN
Is a specialized, high-speed network that attaches servers and storage devices.
67
Characteristics of SAN
- Eliminates the traditional dedicated connection between a server and storage. - Eliminates any restriction to the amount of data that a server can access.
68
Benefits of SAN
- Storage is independent of applications and accessible through multiple data paths for better reliability, availability, and serviceability. - Higher application performance - Data transfer and vaulting to remote sites - Simplified centralized management

Digital Technologies (8 decks)

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