Networking Test Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are networks?
2 or more computers connected together for the purpose of sharing data and resources
What is the connection between networks and shared data?
Networks provide a way to simultaneously share data among a larger group of computer users
FOR EX: A company
- sales
- supply
- distribution
- accounting departments
or A classroom
- classrooms
- teacher workrooms
- office administration
What are the two main networking administrative models?
Client/Server
Peer-to-peer
What is a server?
A powerful computer used to manage network resources and provide services such as security and file sharing
Just like the person working at amazon delivers to provide services and manages his deliveries (resources)
What is a client?
An individual PC or workstation that accesses a server’s resources or shared files
Just like we access amazon’s items
What is a client/server model?
A networking model that is made up of computers that are either clients or servers.
- The client/server model provides a method for centralized administration of the network.
- A device connected to the network is often referred to as the node (pedals)
- nodes are connected together by a device called a hub (center of flower)
What connects nodes together?
A device called a hub
What is a device connected to a client/server model network called?
The node
What is the peer-to-peer network model?
An administration model in which all the PCs connected together are considered equal.
- no centralized administration
- a workstation must grant permission to the other workstation before it can access its files or use its hardware
- good for 25 or less people
What are the 3 major categories that networks are classified as? Explain them
LAN - Local Area Network
A small network of computers contained in a relatively small area
EX: an office building
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
A group of 2 or more interconnected LANs operating under a single management
EX: a university campus
WAN - Wide Area Network
A large number of computers, spread over a large geographic area and under control of a centrally located administrator
EX: ISP (Internet Service Provider)
What are the 3 major network classifications based on?
These classifications are based on physical size, management, and use of a telecommunications system (like a telephone network)
What is physical and logical network topology?
Physical topology: the physical hardware and cabling of a network system
Logical topology: refers to how the data how the data moves through the network
What are the 3 major topologies? Explain them.
Bus topology
- a network topology in which a single conductor (often referred to as the trunk or backbone) connects all the computers to the network (just like a single bus drives many to school)
- advantage: uses fewer cables than other network topologies
- Disadvantage: only one computer can send a signal at a time, and the whole system goes down if one node malfunctions (just like only one bus driver can take us; if they are late, we are late)
Ring topology
- a network topology in which a single cable runs continuously from computer to computer
- The nodes are connected in a closed loop
- Messages travel around the ring, with each node reading those messages addressed to it
- Advantage: it can span larger distances than other types of networks, such as bus networks. because each node regenerates the message as it passes through
Star topology
- a network topology in which a cable runs from each computer to a single point, forming a star
- It is the most common topology used in LANs today
- Advantage: one malfunctioning node does NOT affect the rest of the network
- Disadvantage: if the central hub or switch fails, the rest of the network become unusable
What is bus topology and the advantages and disadvantages of using it?
A network topology in which a single conductor (often referred to as the trunk or backbone) connects all the computers to the network
- Advantage: uses fewer cables than other network topologies (just like one bus driver uses less parents to drive kids to school)
- Disadvantages:
Only one computer can send a signal at a time
The whole system goes down if one node malfunctions
What is ring topology and the advantages and disadvantages of using it?
- a network topology in which a single cable runs continuously from computer to computer
- The nodes are connected in a closed loop
- Messages travel around the ring, with each node reading those messages addressed to it
- Advantage: it can span larger distances than other types of networks, such as bus networks. because each node regenerates the message as it passes through
What is star topology and the advantages and disadvantages of using it?
- a network topology in which a cable runs from each computer to a single point, forming a star
- It is the most common topology used in LANs today
- Advantage: one malfunctioning node does NOT affect the rest of the network
- Disadvantage: if the central hub or switch fails, the rest of the network become unusable
What is the most commonly used topology in LANs today?
Star topology
Other than bus, ring, and star topology, what are the other 2 types? Explain them.
Mesh topology:
- a network topology in which each node connects directly to every other node on the network
- This is the most reliable network system because it provides full redundancy
- most expensive because it contains multiple NICS (Network Interface Controllers)
- mostly found in WAN environments
Wireless topology:
- uses no cabling between computers
- it uses either infrared or radio transmission to communicate between network devices
- reduced cost (no cabling)
- mobility (not stuck to one location)
What is the most reliable network system and why?
Mesh topology is the most reliable because it provides full redundancy
(the inclusion of extra components which are not strictly necessary to functioning, in case of failure in other components)
What is mesh topology?
a network topology in which each node connects directly to every other node on the network
- This is the most reliable network system because it provides full redundancy
- most expensive because it contains multiple NICS (Network Interface Controllers)
- mostly found in WAN environments
What is wireless topology?
- uses no cabling between computers
- it uses either infrared or radio transmission to communicate between network devices
- reduced cost (no cabling)
- mobility (not stuck to one location)
How do networks communicate?
- Computers must use the same system of identification and data transfer if they want to communicate
- All data is divided into smaller units called packets
- like an envelope going through the mail system, each packet contains the address of the sender and the intended recipient
- When all of the packets have arrived at their destination, they are reassembled to form a complete message or file
What are network protocols?
They are the language for handling communication between network devices
TCP/IP (Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
- the standard Internet Protocol
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
- defines how images are formatted and transmitted
- defines what actions web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- used for exchanging files over the internet
What are the 5 network essentials? Explain them.
TCP/IP and IP Addressing (terms used interchangeably):
- A method used to identify every node or host on a network
IP Address
- was originally designed for internet access and communications between internet-connected devices
- Some examples of hosts or nodes that have an IP address include computers, servers, routers, and network printers
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
- was written to replace the manual setup of IP addresses on a network
- This process of setting up automatic addresses is known as dynamic addressing
Network Class
- to assign IP addresses, networks are divided into 3 classifications:
- Class A: Large Networks
- Class B: Medium Networks
- Class C: Small Networks
- networks are assigned an IP address based on their network classification
Subnet Mask
- a mask that is used to determine what subnet a particular IP address refers to
255.0.0.0 (Class A)
255.255.0.0 (Class B)
255.255.255.0 (Class C)
