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Networks And E-communication Flashcards

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1
Q

Nodes

A

Networking consists of computing devices

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2
Q

LAN

A

Local area network

Describes the networking capabilities of a group of computers close to each other

Share files, printers, applications

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3
Q

What does a network need

A

Hardware that acts as a source or sender to a destination or reciever

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4
Q

LANS use cables like?

A

Inexpensive cables

Ethernet cables

Network adaptors

Switches

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5
Q

What’s does network hardware include

A

Nodes(computing devices)

NICS(network interface cards to which media connects(cables)

Connecting devices (switch, bridges, routers, repeaters

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6
Q

What are nodes connected with

A

Transmission media(network media)

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7
Q

3 types of cables

A

Coaxial cable

Twisted pair cable

UnshieldedTwisted pair cable( Ethernet cable)

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8
Q

Are coaxial cables still used today and why are they good??

A

No

Expensive

Most resistant to interference/cross talk

Less noise > less repeaters

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9
Q

Describe coaxial twisted pair cables

A

Core of copper ,surrounded with insulation , braided metal shielding with outer cover

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10
Q

Describe twisted pair cable

A

Consists of two insulated strands of copper twisted around each other

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11
Q

Why is the twisting so effective

A

To prevent electrical interference from other cables and outside sources

Effect against crosstalk

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12
Q

Another term for Unshielded Twisted pair(UTP)

A

Ethernet cables

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13
Q

What is a problem with all types of cabling

A

Crosstalk

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14
Q

What is crosstalk

A

Signals from one line interfering with signals from another line

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15
Q

Is UTP susceptible for crosstalk??

A

Yes

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16
Q

What are the problems for copper cables

A

Attenuation(signal strength is lost over distances)

Electro-Magnetic interference (signals from other sources can interrupt the traveling signals in copper cables)

Eavesdropping( signals can be intercepted by outsiders)

Crosstalk( signals can interfere with each other )

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17
Q

What is fibre optic?

A

Communication cable that carries digital data in fonts of pulses of light

No electrician impulses

Cannot be stolen

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18
Q

Why is fibre optic effective

A

High speed, high capacity data transmissions because of lack of attenuation

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19
Q

How does fibre optic work

For how long can they carry a signal

A

Two strands

One to transmit data
Other to receive data

For many kilometers

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20
Q

What is signal mode

A

One mode of transmission

Eliminates overlapping of light waves causing distortion

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21
Q

What is multi mode

A

Light is dispersed into many paths

light/data clashes and makes data incomplete and unclear

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22
Q

What are NICS

A

Network interface cards

Connection between a network cable and a computer

Unique address(MAC) to each computer so that it can be distinguished from all the other network cards on the internet

MAC -media access control if linked to the IP (internet protocol) address

MAC and IP addresses are stored in the ARP(address resolution protocol) ram of the NIC

ARP also stores Mac addresses of other devices so that it knows where the data is coming from

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23
Q

What does the term topology mean

A

The physical set up of a network , how the network devices are connected

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24
Q

3 kinds of topologies

A

Star ring bus

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25
Combination of topology
Hybrid topology such as star-ring topology
26
What is a star topology
The cable from the NIC to a hub or a switch has a signal that's boosted to every computer connected to it through UTP cables or Fibre Optic
27
Advantages of Star topology
Easy to set up and maintain Prob with one, only stays with one Add/ remove no prob Common
28
Disadvantages of Star topology
Large amounts of cabling from nic to hub/switch Hud/switch fails all fails HUD/siwtch is costly
29
What is a bus topology
All nodes connect to a single cable which has a terminator at the end to stop the signals from bouncing out. Coaxial cables
30
Advantages of a bus topology
Less cabling No hub/switch to boost signals Easy to extend by adding nodes but this disrupts the network
31
Disadvantages of bus topology
Faults are difficult to trace because of 1 main cable Main cable at fault the whole network shuts down Can get congested because of 1 main cable
32
What is a ring topology
All nodes are connected to each other in a closed loop The signals travel in one direction passing through each computer and the computer boosts the signal before sending them to the next computer 2 rings Signals pass through both One ring fails Signals pass through the other
33
Advantages of ring topology
Very orderly network Duplicates data signals Can easily create a larger ring network
34
Disadvantages of ring topology
One malfunction all malfunctions Moves/ additions and changes can disrupt with network Slower than Star topology
35
Name 4 network hardware connection devices
Switches Repeater Bridge Router
36
What are switches
Boosts signals coming into them and then send them on
37
What is more commonly used today than switches
Ethernet technology
38
What can Ethernet technology be divided into
Frames or packets
39
What do frames do
Store details and source of a destination machines(MAC and IP addresses in NICS)
40
What do the switches look at before sending on a signal
They look at the Destination of the frames of data and send only the signal to that specific node with that specific address
41
What is a repeater
Used to connect network segments of signals over a long distance because the signal strength weakens (attenuation) and must be boosted
42
Is a repeater intelligent
No, Takes signal and simply boosts it without looking at destination addresses(Mac or ip)
43
What are bridges
Grabs a signal, boosts the signal Looks at destination addresses and if the segments do not have the same protocols the data will not be sent
44
What is the function of a bridge
Make intelligent decisions about whether to pass on the signals on to the next segment and must Hereford have the same Protocols
45
What is a router
It is a sophisticated device To connect different networks that can use the same protocols
46
What is the functions of a router
Boosts signal Uses nodes addresses to determine the best path for data to travel to their destinations Can determine best, quickest, most cost-effective route to send data Can analyze the frame being sent over a network, change how the frame is packaged and then sent to another network or over different types of networks
47
Name two types of LAN technologies
Ethernet LAN FDDI( fibre distributed data interface)
48
What is the most commonly used technology
Ethernet LAN
49
How do the nodes communicate in an Ethernet LAN
They communicate using short messages called frames
50
What does the Ethernet protocol provide
It provides the rules for constructing frames such as size, both sender and receiver addresses
51
What type of access does fast Ethernet use?
CSMA/CD media access method
52
How are the nodes normally connected in an Ethernet LAN
In Star-hybrid topology
53
What type of cabling does Ethernet LAN use
Fibre optic or UTP
54
Where is gigabit Ethernet commonly used
In schools, companies, universities and ISP (internet service providers)
55
What can Ethernet replace
FDDI ( fibre distributed data interface)
56
What can effect the speed of the Ethernet LAN?
Number of nodes in a LAN (many transmissions, more Collins more delays ) Distance between nodes( weakens signal and interference) Technology used needs to be consistent(new tech or there will be speed problems)
57
What are Ethernet networks called when they use switches
Switches Ethernet networks
58
What does FDDI strand for
Fibre distributed data interface
59
What is FDDI based on
This is based on the outdated token ring media access method where only one network in the node could transmit
60
How did the token ring access method work??
A token circulated around the network if a node could transmit it it had the token ensuring no collisions
61
How does FDDI transmit data?
By the use of light
62
How does FDDI work using the light to transmit data?
Optic rings are used with each ring passions a token in opposite directions
63
How does FDDI transmit
At high speeds and over long distances
64
Why are LANs referred to as local
It has physical limitations to the distance of the cabling and the number of nodes you can connect to it
65
What are the limitations in a star topology
The number of ports on the switch
66
What is another characteristic that can limit LANs
The electrical characteristics
67
What must network designers need to create a balance of LANs
Type of cabling used Transmission rates Signal loss over distance
68
Name another factor that creates limitations for LANs
Delay
69
Explain the delay in an Ethernet network
The cabling is so long that the workstations don't detract transmission and therefore causing Collision and corrupted data
70
What are wireless LANs ??
A LAN without wires
71
Is wireless network always completely free of cabling
No
72
What do most wireless networks consist of
The make use of wireless components that communicate with the network through uses of cabling
73
How can wireless networks be set up
Independently or in conjunction with existing networks
74
What can wireless networks do
Provide temporary connection Help provide backup to existing network Some degree of portability Extreme networks beyond cable capabilities
75
Where are wireless networks more oftenly used
In mobile devices Companies Places where it is difficult to install cabling
76
How does a wireless network work
Each device on a wireless network has a wireless network interface card with a transceiver so that people can communicate on the network
77
What does wifi stand for
Wireless fidelity
78
What is wifi
A high speed internet and network communication without the use of wires Is basically wireless LAN
79
Name 6 wireless connections
Wireless access points Hotspot Wireless bridge Long range worked bridge Wireless mesh network(WMN) Bluetooth
80
What is a wireless access point
Fixed wireless base station or access point
81
What does each access point connect to
A wired backbone so that users can connect to the internet or other users of other wired network services
82
What doe wireless access points provide
Connection to a wired Ethernet
83
What does a access point plug into
It plugs into a switch or a router and the signals are sent out wirelessly
84
What is a hotspot
Site that offers access to a wireless LAN with the use of a router or wireless access points to to an ISP
85
What is a wireless bridge
Easy way to link network segments without cables . Connected to something else that's wireless
86
Why is wireless bridge beneficial
Connects building where laying cables us difficult or buildings are separated by roads etc
87
What is long range wireless bridge
When the wireless bridge will not reach far enough to get connection
88
What does WMN
Wireless Mesh Networks
89
What are Wireless mesh networks
Mesh nodes that share network connection across a large area
90
What are mesh nodes compared to
Router
91
How do these mesh nodes work
Signal bounces from one node to the next and uses dynamic routing
92
What is dynamic routing
Nodes choose the quickest and safest path for the signals to travel
93
What is the biggest advantage of mesh networks
They are truly wireless, only 1 node needs to be physically wired to a network connection. That 1 node then shares its connectivity wireless with all the other nodes The more nodes, further the connection goes and then there's a cloud of connectivity
94
What is Bluetooth
Wireless technology that sends data over short distances
95
How are signals sent
From fixed mobile devices creating a Personal Area Network(PAN) with high levels of security
96
When is a LAN a WAN
The internet itself
97
What is the function of a Wan
To connect users from different LANs

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