Neur/Behavior Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the relationship between the brain, nervous system, and behavior?
The brain and nervous system influence behavior through biological processes that shape psychological experiences.
This relationship is fundamental to understanding neuroscience and psychology.
What are the parts of a neuron?
Dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, synapse.
Each part plays a crucial role in neural communication.
What is neural communication?
The process by which neurons transmit signals through action potentials and neurotransmitters.
Action potentials are electrical impulses that travel along the axon.
Name three neurotransmitters involved in brain function.
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
- Acetylcholine
These neurotransmitters are critical for various psychological functions.
What comprises the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Brain and spinal cord.
The CNS is responsible for processing and transmitting information.
What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
- Somatic division
- Autonomic division
The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
Involuntary bodily functions.
It includes sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
What is the function of the hindbrain?
Controls basic life functions and coordination.
It includes the medulla, pons, and cerebellum.
What is the role of the midbrain?
Involved in sensory and motor processing.
It serves as a relay station for auditory and visual information.
What structures are included in the forebrain?
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Limbic system
- Cerebral cortex
These structures are involved in complex behaviors and emotions.
What are the four lobes of the brain?
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Occipital lobe
Each lobe has distinct functions related to different aspects of cognition and perception.
What functions are associated with the frontal lobe?
Thinking, planning, movement, speech.
It is crucial for executive functions and decision-making.
What is hemispheric specialization?
The distinct functions associated with each hemisphere of the brain.
This includes lateralization of language and spatial abilities.
What is brain plasticity?
The brain’s ability to adapt and reorganize itself.
This adaptability is influenced by experience.
What are common brain imaging techniques?
- MRI
- fMRI
- PET scans
- EEG
These techniques are used to study brain structure and function.
What is the significance of case studies like Phineas Gage?
They provide insights into the effects of brain damage on behavior.
Phineas Gage’s case illustrated the role of the frontal lobe in personality.
What is the role of hormones in behavior?
Hormones influence various behaviors and physiological processes.
They interact with the nervous system to affect mood, stress, and more.
What is the nature vs. nurture debate?
Discussion on the relative contributions of genetics and environment to behavior.
This debate explores how both factors shape psychological traits.
Fill in the blank: The impact of _______ and environment on psychological traits is a key consideration in psychology.
genetics
Genetics can influence characteristics such as intelligence and temperament.
