Psych Learning and Memory

Question 1

What is the definition of learning in psychology?

Answer 1

Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience.

Question 2

True or False: Memory is the process of acquiring, storing, and retrieving information.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the three main stages of memory?

Answer 3

Encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The __________ model of memory includes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Answer 4

multi-store

Question 5

Which type of memory is responsible for holding information for a brief period?

Answer 5

Short-term memory

Question 6

What is the capacity of short-term memory according to Miller’s Law?

Answer 6

7 plus or minus 2 items.

Question 7

True or False: Long-term memory has a limited capacity.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory?

Answer 8

Explicit memory involves conscious recall, while implicit memory does not.

Question 9

Which type of learning occurs through the association between stimuli?

Answer 9

Classical conditioning

Question 10

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 10

A learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: __________ reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior by providing a rewarding stimulus.

Answer 11

Positive

Question 12

What is the term for the gradual weakening of a conditioned response?

Answer 12

Extinction

Question 13

True or False: Memory consolidation is the process of stabilizing a memory after initial acquisition.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the term for the phenomenon where old memories interfere with the retrieval of new memories?

Answer 14

Proactive interference

Question 15

What does the term ‘chunking’ refer to in memory?

Answer 15

The process of grouping information into larger, manageable units.

Question 16

Which part of the brain is primarily associated with the formation of new memories?

Answer 16

The hippocampus

Question 17

Fill in the blank: __________ is the technique of using vivid imagery and organizational devices to enhance memory.

Answer 17

Mnemonic

Question 18

What is the serial position effect?

Answer 18

The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.

Question 19

True or False: Context-dependent memory suggests that retrieval is improved when the context at retrieval matches the context at encoding.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is the role of rehearsal in memory?

Answer 20

Rehearsal is the process of repeatedly practicing information to enhance memory retention.

Question 21

Which theory suggests that forgetting occurs due to the fading of memory traces over time?

Answer 21

Decay theory

Question 22

Fill in the blank: __________ memory involves recalling specific events or experiences.

Answer 22

Episodic

Question 23

What is the primacy effect?

Answer 23

The tendency to remember items presented at the beginning of a list.

Question 24

Which cognitive process involves the mental manipulation of information?

Answer 24

Thinking

Question 25

True or False: The misinformation effect demonstrates how post-event information can alter memories.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What is the difference between recall and recognition in memory retrieval?

Answer 26

Recall requires retrieving information without cues, while recognition involves identifying information with cues.