Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission

Question 1

what do acetylchlone receptors bind to?

Answer 1

nicotine and muscarinic

Question 2

Is nicotine ionotropic of metabotropic?

Answer 2

ionotropic

Question 3

is muscarinic metabotropic or ionotropic?

Answer 3

metabotropic

Question 4

what is the main ingredient of belladonna

Answer 4

Atropine

Question 5

what is atropine?

Answer 5

a receptor blocker that exerts its antagonist effects by binding to muscarinic receptors preventing the effect of acetylcholine

Question 6

What is curare?

Answer 6

a receptor blocker at cholinergic synapses acting at nicotine receptors

Question 7

What is Botox?

Answer 7

a neurotoxin released by bacteriu often found in spoiled food

Question 8

what antagonist effect does botox have?

Answer 8

it is a nicotine antagonist

Question 9

why is botox deadly?

Answer 9

it blocks the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions

Question 10

Recurrent collateral inhibition is mediated by

Answer 10

Renshaw cells

Question 11

What does constituent cognitive process refer to?

Answer 11

each complex cognitive process results from the combined activity of simple cognitive processes

Question 12

Principle of Antithesis

Answer 12

opposite messages are signalled by opposite movements and postures

Question 13

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential are?

Answer 13

postsynaptic hyperpolarisations

Question 14

What do IPSPs do?

Answer 14

decrease the likelihood of a neuron firing

Question 15

What do EPSPs do?

Answer 15

increase the likelihood of a neuron firing

Question 16

what are Excitatory postsynaptic potentials

Answer 16

postsynaptic depolarization’s

Question 17

what is the axon hillock?

Answer 17

conical structure at the junction between the cell body and the axon

Question 18

What are axodendritic synapses?

Answer 18

synapses of axon terminal buttons on dendrites

Question 19

What is salutatory conduction?

Answer 19

transmission of action potentials in myelination axons

Question 20

What are interneurons?

Answer 20

composed of cell bodies or of axons

Question 21

what are bipolar neurons?

Answer 21

two processes extending from its cell body

Question 22

what are unipolar neurons?

Answer 22

one process extending from it

Question 23

what are multipolar neurons?

Answer 23

more than two processes extending from its body

Question 24

What are axosomatic synapses?

Answer 24

synapses of axon terminal buttons on somas

Question 25

What is a axoaxonic synapse?

Answer 25

mediate presynaptic facilitation and inhibition

Question 26

What is dendrodendritic synapses?

Answer 26

capable of transmission in either direction

Question 27

what is directed synapse in comparison to non-directed synapse?

Answer 27

site of neurotransmitter reception is in close proximity in comparison to far away

Question 28

what is exocytosis?

Answer 28

the process of neurotransmitter release

Question 29

what is a ligand?

Answer 29

a molecule that bind to another

Question 30

what does endogenous mean?

Answer 30

naturally occurring in the body

Question 31

what is a tripartite synapse?

Answer 31

synaptic transmission that depends on communication among three cells via gap junctions

Question 32

what is a metabotropic receptor?

Answer 32

a receptor associated with signal proteins and g-proteins

Question 33

what is an ionotropic receptor?

Answer 33

a receptor associated with ligand-activated ion channels

Question 34

what are voltage activated ion channels?

Answer 34

ion channels that open/close in response to changes in levels of membrane potential

Question 35

pressure to enter the cell comes from?

Answer 35

electrostatic pressure or random motion

Question 36

what happens when molecules bind to postsynaptic?

Answer 36

depolarize of hyperpolarise

Question 37

molecules binding to postsynaptic receptors have..

Answer 37

graded responses

Question 38

Where are neurotransmitter released from?

Answer 38

terminal buttons

Question 39

what kind of release are IPSPs and EPSPs?

Answer 39

detrimental

Question 40

What it the absolute refractory period?

Answer 40

where it is impossible to elicit a second action potential

Question 41

what is a relative refractory period?

Answer 41

a second action potential is possible but requires a higher level of depolarization

Question 42

what are large neurotransmitters?

Answer 42

neuropeptides

Question 43

Glutamate, asparatate, glycine and GABA are examples of?

Answer 43

amino acid neurotransmitters

Question 44

monoamines in comparison to amino acids are?

Answer 44

larger and slower

Question 45

What are examples of catecholamine monoamines?

Answer 45

dopamine, norepinephrine

Question 46

where are catecholamines synthesised?

Answer 46

the tyrosine

Question 47

What type of monoamine is serotonin?

Answer 47

Idolamine