neural tissue

Question 1

List the four functional units of the nervous system

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS); receptors, effectors

Question 2

What are the two divisions of the PNS

Answer 2

Afferent division and efferent division

Question 3

What are the components of the CNS

Answer 3

Brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What is the function of the CNS

Answer 4

Higher order functions, memory, learning information processing

Question 5

What is the role of the afferent division

Answer 5

carries info to the CNS

Question 6

What is the role of the efferent division

Answer 6

Carries info from CNS to muscles and glands

Question 7

What is another name for the Afferent division

Answer 7

Sensory pathway

Question 8

The sensory pathways receive data from

Answer 8

Special sensory receptors, visceral sensory receptors, somatic sensory receptors

Question 9

What is another name for the efferent division

Answer 9

Motor division

Question 10

List the components of the motor division

Answer 10

Somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system

Question 11

What is the function of the somatic nervous system

Answer 11

Voluntary control of skeletal muscle

Question 12

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 12

Control the function of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Question 13

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous systems

Answer 13

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 14

What ANS division controls in times of stress

Answer 14

sympathetic

Question 15

What ANS division controls in times of relaxations

Answer 15

parasympathetic

Question 16

What is the term for a nerve cell

Answer 16

neuron

Question 17

What neurons carry signals leaving the brain

Answer 17

Motor neurons

Question 18

What neurons carry signals to the brain

Answer 18

Sensory neurons

Question 19

Page 427 labels a, d, g, h, i

Answer 19

A- dendrites, D - axon hillock, G - Axon, H- telodendria, I, axon terminals

Question 20

What are the structural classifications of neurons

Answer 20

anaxonic, unipolar, bipolar, multipolar

Question 21

Describe the differences between anaxonic, unipolar, bipolar and multipolar neurons

Answer 21

anoxinic multiple process all dendrites/ no axon, unipolar single elongated process, bipolar two processes, multipolar more than two processes multiple dendrites

Question 22

What allows ions to pass through a neuron cell membrane

Answer 22

Chemical or electrical gates

Question 23

Define osmosis

Answer 23

The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from one solution to another solution that contains a higher solute concentration

Question 24

Define diffusion

Answer 24

Passive molecular movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 25

Define equilibrium

Answer 25

A dynamic state in which two opposing forces or processes are in balance

Question 26

What is the resting potential of most neurons

Answer 26

-70 mV

Question 27

What membrane potential triggers action potential

Answer 27

-60 mV

Question 28

Another term for action potential

Answer 28

Nerve impulse

Question 29

Action potential operates under what principle

Answer 29

All or none principle

Question 30

What two ions affect Resting potential

Answer 30

K+ and NA+

Question 31

What opens when the action potential threshold is reached

Answer 31

Voltage gated sodium channels open

Question 32

What is the name of the electrical flow around an individual part of an axon

Answer 32

Local current

Question 33

Define Action Potential

Answer 33

A propagated change in the membrane potential of excitable cells, initiated by a change in the membrane permeability to sodium ions

Question 34

Define depolarization

Answer 34

Shifting the membrane potential to 0

Question 35

Define hyperpolarization

Answer 35

Shifting the membrane potential over -70mV

Question 36

Why does an nerve impulse not degrade over distance

Answer 36

Repetitive event propagating along the axon

Question 37

Where does action potential begin

Answer 37

Axon hillock

Question 38

What are the two types of action potential conduction

Answer 38

Saltatory and continuous

Question 39

Describe the difference between Saltatory conduction and continuous

Answer 39

Continuous conduction the action potential spreads across the entire membrane in a series of small steps; Saltatory conduction the action potential skips from node to node, moving faster

Question 40

What type of nerve would have Schwann cells myelinated around its axon, why

Answer 40

All PNS cell axons

Question 41

Ion with primary influence on RP

Answer 41

potassium

Question 42

Ion with primary influence on AP

Answer 42

sodium

Question 43

List the types of cell membrane gates

Answer 43

Passive or leak channels, chemically regulated, voltage regulated

Question 44

Where are chemically regulated gates located

Answer 44

On the dendrites and cell bodies

Question 45

Where are voltage regulated gates located

Answer 45

On the axon hillock, the axon, and the nodes ranvier

Question 46

What is the major neurotransmitter affecting sweat glans

Answer 46

acetylcholine

Question 47

What are the two forces acting on the cell membrane

Answer 47

Diffusion and electrochemical

Question 48

EPSP

Answer 48

Excitatory post synaptic potential

Question 49

ipsp

Answer 49

Inhibitory post synaptic potential

Question 50

The addition of stimuli at a single synapse repeatedly

Answer 50

Temporal summation

Question 51

The addition of stimuli at multiple synapses simultaneously

Answer 51

Spatial summation

Question 52

Chemical that depolarize cell membrane

Answer 52

Excitatory neurotransmitter - acetylcholine and norepinephrine

Question 53

Chemical that hyper polarizes cell membranes

Answer 53

Inhibitory neurotransmitters - dopamine GABA serotonin