Neuro

Question 1

what is an electroencephalogram (EEG) used for?

Answer 1

to determine electrical activity of the brain to check for brain and seizure disorders

Question 2

what is an electromyography (EMG) used for?

Answer 2

assess muscles and motor neurons for dysfunction

Question 3

what is a lumbar puncture used for?

Answer 3

collecting cerebrospinal fluid

Question 4

7 concerning neurologic symptoms

Answer 4

HAs
dizziness
weakness
change in sensation
loss of consciousness/syncope
seizures
tremors/involuntary movements

Question 5

what does MS stand for?

Answer 5

multiple sclerosis

Question 6

what does PD stand for?

Answer 6

parkinson’s disease

Question 7

what does RLS stand for?

Answer 7

restless leg syndrome

Question 8

what does CSF stand for?

Answer 8

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 9

what does LP stand for?

Answer 9

lumbar puncture

Question 10

what does ICP stand for?

Answer 10

intracranial pressure

Question 11

what does TIA stand for?

Answer 11

transient ischemic attack

Question 12

what does CVA stand for?

Answer 12

cerebrovascular accident

Question 13

what does AAO x3 stand for?

Answer 13

alert, awake, and oriented to person, place and time

Question 14

define diplopia

Answer 14

double vision

Question 15

define ataxia

Answer 15

gait that lacks coordination

Question 16

define atrophy

Answer 16

loss of muscle bulk

Question 17

define chorea

Answer 17

movements that are brief, rapid, and unpredictable

Question 18

define thrombus

Answer 18

blood clot on the wall of a blood vessel or in the heart

Question 19

define embolus

Answer 19

piece of a blood clot that travels and becomes stuck in a blood vessel

Question 20

define infarction

Answer 20

injury or death of tissue caused by inadequate blood supply

Question 21

define hemorrhage

Answer 21

rupture of a blood vessel

Question 22

define near syncope or presyncope

Answer 22

no loss of consciousness

Question 23

define true syncope

Answer 23

complete loss of consciousness

Question 24

what is a transient ischemic attack?

Answer 24

a ministroke

Question 25

define an ischemic stroke

Answer 25

when a blood clot blocks blood flow in an artery within the brain

Question 26

define a hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 26

when a blood vessel bursts within the brain

Question 27

what are the stroke warning signs and symptoms (BEFAST)

Answer 27

balance eyes: blurred vision face: one side drooping arm or leg weakness speech difficulty time to call an ambulance

Question 28

what are risk factors for stroke?

Answer 28

age over 55 gender (female at higher risk due to longer lifespan) race and ethnicity genetics prior TIA or stroke

Question 29

what are physical exams used to diagnose meningitis?

Answer 29

nuchal rigidity, kernig's sign, and brudzinski's sign

Question 30

define epilepsy

Answer 30

two or more unprovoked seizures less than 24 hours apart or single unprovoked seizure and high risk of recurrence over the next 10 years or diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome

Question 31

what are motor symptoms of a focal onset seizure?

Answer 31

jerking (clonic), limp or weak muscles (atonic), tense or rigid msucles (tonic), brief muscle twitching (myoclonus), or epileptic spams

Question 32

what is the physiology of a focal onset seizure?

Answer 32

occurs in one hemisphere of the brain

Question 33

what is the physiology of generalized onset seizures?

Answer 33

affects both sides of the brain

Question 34

what are motor symptoms of generalized onset seizures?

Answer 34

same as focal

Question 35

what are non-motor symptoms of generalized onset seizures?

Answer 35

absence seizure - staring spells absence seizure with twitching of specific body part or eyelids

Question 36

define status epilepticus

Answer 36

5 minutes or more of a continuous seizure or 2 or more distinct seizures without complete recovery of consciousness between the seizures

Question 37

what is the first aid you can provide during a seizure?

Answer 37

STAY with them until they are awake and alert keep them SAFE turn them on their SIDE

Question 38

when should you call 911 with someone having a seizure?

Answer 38

-if its longer than 5 minutes -they don't return to normal -they are injured, pregnancy or sick -first time seizure -difficulty breathing -occurs in water

Question 39

define parkinsonism

Answer 39

shuffling gait, expressionless face, tremor or rigidity

Question 40

define dystonia

Answer 40

muscle rigidity, spasms, eye movements

Question 41

define tardive dyskinesia

Answer 41

tongue protrudes involuntary, or puckering, chewing, grimacing

Question 42

define akathisia

Answer 42

can't sit still, stand up and sit down ,pace

Question 43

define trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 43

chronic pain in face triggered by washing, shaving, chewing, or brushing teeth

Question 44

what is postherpetic neuralgia?

Answer 44

a complication of shingles. pain that lasts 3 months after rash/blisters disappear