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neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

mnemonic for cranial nerves

A

Oh- olfactory
oh-optic
oh- oculomotor
to - trochlear
touch - trigeminal
and - abducens
feel - facial
a - acoustic
girls - glossopharyngeal
vagina - vagus
so - spinal accessory
heavenly - hypoglossal

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2
Q

what crainal nerve moves the eyes and does pupillary constriction

A

CN III oculomotor

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3
Q

which cranial nerve opens eyelids and contrails pupils

A

CN III oculomotor

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4
Q

CN VI does what

A

abducens
lateral eye movement

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5
Q

which cranial nerve does hearing

A

CN VIII acoustic

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6
Q

what CN moves the tongue

A

CN XII hypoglossal

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7
Q

this CN shrugs the shoulders

A

CN XI spinal accessory

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8
Q

mnemonic for type of cranial nerves

A

S- some
s - say
M-marry
M-money
B-but
m- my
b-brother
s-says
b- big
b- bras
m- matter
m- most

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9
Q

hemiplegia is associated with what type of CVA

A

middle cerebral artery CVA

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10
Q

Mini-mental status exam

A

ORArL 2,3, RWD

O - orientation to place/time
R- recognition
A attention
r- recall
L- language
2- identify names of 2 objects
3 - follow 3 step command
R - reading
W- writing
D- drawing

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11
Q

what is max score of mine mental

A

30

no impairment 24-30
delirium/dementia 18-23 mild 0-17 severe

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12
Q

what is homonymous hemianopia

A

half vision on side of stroke

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13
Q

would you want the family in the room when you do the mini mental status exam

A

no

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14
Q

when is carotid endarterectomy indicated

A

symptomatic low risk surgical patients with 50-90% stenosis
asymptomatic patients with > 70-99 %

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15
Q

left side stroke may result in what

A

aphasia
dysarthria
difficulty reading/writing

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16
Q

pt has hip fracture, you note carotid bruit upon assessment with weakness and confusion. what do you order

A

carotid US

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17
Q

ipsilateral monocular blindness (amaurosis fugal)

A

on same side of stroke

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18
Q

what happens to motor impairment in a TIA ? CVA ?

A

paresthesia of contralateral arm, leg or face
hemiplegia on contralateral arm, leg or face

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19
Q

number one cause of heart failure

A

HTN

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20
Q

what you may see with right hemisphere CVA

A

right visual field changes
left hemiparesis
spatial disorientation

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21
Q

mtg for thrombotic stroke

A

fibrinolytic indicated within <3-4.5 hours

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22
Q

why is there an indication for nimodipine in setting where there are increased ICP

A

CCM - help counter vasospasm

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23
Q

CPP

A

cerebral perfusion pressure
MAP - ICP = CPP

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24
Q

indication for ICP monitoring

A

GCS < 8 + abnormal CT
GCS < 8 + normal CT and 2 of following: age >40, BP <90, abnormal motor posturing

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25
why do we keep MAP 110-130 in CVA
to help decrease vasospasm
26
pt has no loss of consciousness and has tremors of right hand that precedes to entire arm - what do you dx
simple partial seizure
27
what is difference in simple partial seizure and complex partial
followed by impaired LOC
28
Types of generalized seizure
absence tonic-clonic
29
what happens in absence seizure
sudden arrest of motor activity with a blank stare
30
Pt has a seizure and BG is <60 what do you order
100mg thiamine IV then 50ml of D50IV
31
initial therapy phase of seizure (5-20min)
IM midazolam 5-10mg IV lorazepam may repeat once IV diazepam may repeat once
32
Second therapy (20-40 minutes)
IV fosphenytoin IV valproic acid IV levetiracetam
33
Third phase (40-60) min
repeat second line OR anesthetic doses (thiopental,midazolmpropofol , pentobarbital)
34
this is a disorder of reduction of the number of acetylcholine receptor sites
myasthenia gravis
35
when the bodys immune system attacks myelin
multiple sclerosis
36
30y/o female presents with ptosis *droop eyelid) extremity weakness and fatigue what do you suspect and test
myasthenia graves antibodies to acetylcholine receptors
37
tx for MS flare up
steroids
38
s/s of MS
weakness numbness tingling or unsteadiness in a limb , may progress to all limbs urinary urgency/hesitency nystagmus spastic paraparesis
39
syndrome usually preceded by viral infection and leads to progressive symmetrical ascending paralysis
guillain- barre syndrome
40
most specific test for MS diagnosis
MRI
41
CSF with bacterial meningitis
elevated pressure elevated protein decreased glucose presence of WBC
42
mtg of bacterial meningitis
< 50 - Vanco + ceftriaxone >50 - Vanco + ampicillin + ceftriaxone
43
Cushings triad
widening pulse pressure decreased RR decreased HR
44
pt is in and out of consciousness following head trauma; what do you ssupect
epidural hematoma expanding
45
positive kernels sign
pain and spasms of hamstring muscles in meningitis
46
postive brudzinskis sign
in meningits legs flex at both the hips and knees in response to flexion of the head and neck to chest
47
CSF of viral meningitis
protein normal glucose normal
48
Normal CPP
60-80
49
ICP normal
<20
50
complication of c4 injury or above
respiratory compromise
51
complication of t4-t6 injury
autonomic dysreflexia - emergency clinical condition caused by exaggerated autonomic response to stimulus -TX remove stimulus and antihypertensive
52
brown squared syndrome
damage to one half of sinal cord ipsilateral upper motor neuron paralysis and loss of proprioception contralateral loss of pain and temperature TX MRI & steroids
53
cauda equina syndrome
compression of nerve roots numbness in lower legs, feet or saddle region TX MRI, steroids and sx
54
t6 or above compilation
neurogenic shock
55
patio of parkinsons
degenerative disorder or insufficient amounts of dopamine
56
medication mtg of parkinsons
-carbidopa-levodopa (increases dopamine) -dopamine agonists -(mimic dopamine) pramipexole ropinirole rotigotine -MAO-B inhibitors(help prevent breakdown of dopamine) selegiline rasagiline safinamide
57
tri of findings in all PD patients
parkinsons -tremor rigidity bradykinesia
58
type of dementia that goes with PD
Lewy body dementia
59
number one cause of dementia
alzheimers
60
aphasia
difficulty with speech
61
raxia
inability to perform a previously learned task
62
agnosia
inability to recognize an object
63
medication used for all stages of alzheimers
donepezil (aricept)
64
mnemonic for alcohol use screening
C-cut down A- annoyed by criticizing drinking G- guilty about drinking E- eye opener drink
65
drugs used to tx alzhiemrs
cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil galantamine rivastigmine NMDA - Namenda (mod-severe disease) Cominationtion memantine and donepezil(moderate to severe disease)

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