neuro 1b

Question 1

where is the diencephalon?

Answer 1

underneath corpus callosum

Question 2

nucleus meaning? (neuroanatomy)

Answer 2

collection of cell bodies within the nervous system

Question 3

4 components of diencephalon

Answer 3

epithalamus
thalamus
subthalamus
hypothalamus

Question 4

epithalamus location?

Answer 4

in diencephalon behind thalamus

Question 5

main feature of epithalamus and function?

Answer 5

pineal gland
secretes melatonin therefore plays a key role in sleep/wake cycle

Question 6

what is the main component of the diencephalon?

Answer 6

thalamus

Question 7

thalamus structure?

Answer 7

single structure with 2 halves, looks like pair of birds eggs. lots of small nuclei

Question 8

thalamus function?

Answer 8

acts as sensory sorting office

Question 9

subthalamus location?

Answer 9

underneath thalamus

Question 10

hypothalamus function?

Answer 10

master regulator of endocrine system in the body

Question 11

what does the hypothalamus have a close relationship with

Answer 11

pituitary gland (suspended below)

Question 12

brain stem components and their locations?

Answer 12

midbrain (top)
pons (middle)
medulla (chordal end)

Question 13

name for grooves in cerebellum?

Answer 13

folia

Question 14

main function of cerebellum?

Answer 14

coordinate movement (not action movement - this occurs in cerebral hemispheres)

Question 15

white matter connections for cerebellum? what do they connect it to?

Answer 15

superior peduncle (midbrain)
middle peduncle (pons)
inferior peduncle (medulla)

Question 16

2 spinal cord enlargements?

Answer 16

cervical enlargement
lumbosacral enlargement

Question 18

why are there spinal cord enlargements?

Answer 18

accommodate extra circuitry for limbs

Question 19

what is the end of the spinal cord called?

Answer 19

conus medullaris

Question 20

at what vertebral level does the spinal cord end

Answer 20

L1/2

Question 21

what is the name for the spinal nerves that continue down the spine after the end of the spinal cord

Answer 21

cauda equina

Question 22

how many bilateral pairs of spinal nerves are at each part of the spine?

Answer 22

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 23

dorsal and ventral routlets function?

Answer 23

dorsal side - sensory
ventral side - motor

Question 24

how to tell difference between dorsal and ventral side in spinal cord?

Answer 24

dorsal - grey matter extends to edge of spinal cord (dorsal - dolphin fin)
ventral - horns surrounded by white matter, don’t reach edge

Question 25

what types of nerves to spinal nerves contain

Answer 25

motor and sensory!!

Question 26

spinal cord staining - what do u have to remember?

Answer 26

most common stain inverts colours - looks grey on outside and white on inside which is opposite!!

Question 27

which matter is where in the spinal cord?

Answer 27

white - outside grey - inside

Question 28

name for membranes surrounding CNS?

Answer 28

meninges

Question 29

3 layers in the meninges? + location?

Answer 29

dura - outside arachnoid - middle pia - inside

Question 30

what is meningitis?

Answer 30

infection of the meninges

Question 31

meninges function

Answer 31

sheathing, protecting, holding in place, transmitting blood vessels, circulation of CSF

Question 32

dura features?

Answer 32

thick rubbery protective outermost layer of meninges tightly adhered to inside of skull

Question 33

arachnoi features?

Answer 33

trabeculae (spiderweb like processes creating sub-arachnoid space) contains CSF and blood vessels

Question 34

pia features?

Answer 34

cant see or peel away, covers all folds and bumps of brain.

Question 35

names and locations of folds in dura?

Answer 35

falx cerebri - in great longitudinal fissure tentorium cerebelli - between occipital lobe and cerebellum

Question 36

difference in meninges between brain and spinal cord?

Answer 36

dura adhered to skull, not adhered to vertebrae to allow some movement of the spinal cord

Question 37

name of circle of arteries that supplies brain

Answer 37

Circle of Willis

Question 38

names of the 3 pairs of cerebral arteries that supply brain

Answer 38

anterior cerebral middle cerebral posterior cerebral

Question 39

2 major sources of the Circle of Willis?

Answer 39

internal carotid arteries vertebral arteries

Question 40

arteries that supply the spinal cord?

Answer 40

posterior spinal arteries anterior spinal artery

Question 41

feature of veins in the brain?

Answer 41

no valves!!!!!

Question 42

how does the brain drain blud

Answer 42

dural venous sinuses

Question 43

what are ventricles lined with and what do they produce

Answer 43

choroid plexus produces CSF

Question 44

where is CSF produced

Answer 44

ventricles

Question 45

3 ventricles in brain?

Answer 45

lateral ventricle third ventricle fourth ventricle

Question 46

how does CSF get into subarachnoid space from the ventricles

Answer 46

flows through ventricles into 4th ventricle, majority passes through apertures into subarachnoid space

Question 47

how does CSF return to the blood

Answer 47

via arachnoid granulations which suck CSF back into dural venous sinuses