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Neuro 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following lobes of the cerebrum is responsible for processing visual information?

a. Frontal lobe
b. Temporal lobe
c. Parietal lobe
d. Occipital lobe

A

Occipital lobe

Code: oc SEEpital

A: For motor, EF, personality

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebrum?

a. Memory formation
b. Problem-solving
c. Regulation of breathing
d. Language comprehension

A

Regulation of breathing

Sa brainstem to (medulla oblongata)

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3
Q

The left hemisphere of the cerebrum is typically associated with:

a. Logical reasoning and language skills
b. Artistic and creative abilities
c. Spatial awareness and visual perception
d. Emotional processing and empathy

A

Logical reasoning and language skills

Code: nasa left yung MALL
Math
Analytical
Logical
Language

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4
Q

Which of the following structures connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

a. Corpus callosum
b. Medulla oblongata
c. Cerebellum
d. Hypothalamus

A

Corpus callosum

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5
Q

The prefrontal cortex, located in the front part of the cerebrum, is responsible for:

a. Motor control and coordination
b. Processing auditory information
c. Decision-making and executive functions
d. Visual processing and object recognition

A

Decision-making and executive functions

A: Pre-motor (4, 6)
B: 41, 42
D: 18, 19

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6
Q

The primary motor cortex, located in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum, is responsible for:

a. Processing visual information
b. Controlling voluntary movements
c. Processing auditory information
d. Regulating body temperature

A

Controlling voluntary movements

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7
Q

Brodmann area 41 and 42, collectively known as the primary auditory cortex, is primarily responsible for:

a. Processing visual information
b. Controlling voluntary movements
c. Regulating body temperature
d. Processing auditory information

A

Processing auditory information

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8
Q

Which of the following provide structural support to the CNS?

a. Oligodendrocytes
b. Astrocytes
c. Schwann cells
d. Microglia

A

Astrocytes

Pinakamarami kasi siya

A: CNS
C: PNS
D: WBC

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9
Q

The most common form of agnosia:

a. Tactile agnosia
b. Auditory agnosia
c. Visual agnosia
d. Anosognosia

A

Visual agnosia

IF hallucination, auditory agnosia

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10
Q

Right hemisphere lesion will lead to the following, except:

a. Left side hemiplegia
b. Left side unilateral neglect
c. Poor judgement
d. Ideomotor apraxia
e. None of these

A

Ideomotor apraxia

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11
Q

Affectation of the third frontal convolution and posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus will lead to:

a. Global aphasia
b. Broca’s aphasia
c. Conduction aphasia
d. Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Global aphasia

Combination of Broca’s and Wernicke’s

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12
Q

The following are derivatives of the prosencephalon, except:

a. Subcortical white mater
b. Basal ganglia
c. Cerebral cortex
d. Thalami
e. None of these

A

None of these

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13
Q

In anterior circulation stroke the patient looks:

a. Away from the hemiplegic side
b. Toward the lesion site
c. Both A and B
d. None of these

A

Both A and B

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14
Q

What is damaged part in a stroke patient manifested as difficulty in repeating words and phrases?

а. Area 22
b. Area 44
c. Parietal operculum
d. Cingulated gyrus
e. None of these

A

Parietal operculum

AKA: Arcuate Fasciculus

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15
Q

A lesion of the supramarginal gyrus of the dominant parietal lobe resulting in the subject’s inability to do what he or she wants to do:

a. Kinetic apraxia
b. Ideational apraxia
c. Ideomotor apraxia
d. Gait apraxia

A

Ideomotor apraxia

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16
Q

The following statements apply to motor aphasia, EXCEPT:

a. Spoken language is slow and full of effort with poorly produced sounds
b. Lesions is in Broca’s area
c. Extreme difficulty in expressing certain grammatical words and phrases
d. Poor comprehension of spoken and written language

A

Poor comprehension of spoken and written language

D: Wernicke’s

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17
Q

Brain development begins with the differentiation of three vesicles at the rostral end of the neural tube:

a. Telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon
b. Mesencephalon, rhombencephalon and metencephalon
c. Prosencephalon, rhombencephalon and myelencephalon
d. Prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon

A

Prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon

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18
Q

The ventricles of the brain are lined

a. Ependymal cells
b. Choroid epithelium
c. ordinary connective tissue
d. neuroglia cells

A

Ependymal cells

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19
Q

Tumor located at the premotor cortex will give rise to:

a. Incoordination of the contralateral side
b. spasticity of the ipsilateral side
c. Paralysis of the contralateral side
d. Paralysis of the ipsilateral side
e. Tremors of the ipsilateral side

A

Incoordination of the contralateral side

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20
Q

A deep sulcus that outlines and sweeps backward above the temporal pole, and then continues on the superolateral surface, almost horizontally backwards, marking the line along which the hemisphere became folded. The speech and hearing area are both closely associated with it.

a. Medial
b. Central
c. Lateral
d. Collateral
e. Calcarine

A

Lateral

Code: ang ears nasa side kaya lateral

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21
Q

Lesion to both heschl’s gyri will lead to:

a. Anomic aphasia
b. Conduction aphasia
c. Global aphasia
d. None of these

A

None of these

Heschl ay 41, 42 –> Cortical deafness

22
Q

The cortex is not smooth but is thrown into folds and furrows that markedly increase the total surface area without demanding greater brain volume. Each fold or grounded elevation is known as:

a. Sulcus
b. Hemisphere
c. Gyrus
d. Lobe

A

Gyrus

Code: Gulo Gulo sa brain

A: If depression (nags-sulk ka)

23
Q

Following a cerebrovascular accident, the patient remains unresponsive to sensory stimulation. Based on your knowledge as a supervising physical therapist, the area of the cerebral cortex that registers general sensations such as heat, cold, pain and touch is located in what particular lobe?

a. Frontal
b. Occipital
c. Parietal
d. Temporal

A

Parietal

Code: pARAYtal

24
Q

A patient who manifests personality changes, hemiparesis, aphasia, and apraxia most probably has a tumor on the

a. frontal lobe
b. occipital lobe
c. parietal lobe
d. cerebellum

A

frontal lobe

25
Q

Lesion in this area will produce flaccidity

a. 6
b. 4
c. 44
d. 45

A

4

26
Q

May result from lesion in the dominant parietal lobe of the corpus callosum in which the subject fails to carry out sequences of acts even if individual movements are correct:

a. Ideomotor apraxia
b. Kinetic apraxia
c. Gait apraxia
d. Ideational apraxia

A

Ideational apraxia

27
Q

A PT attempts to have a patient with right hemiplegia brush his teeth while working on standing tolerance. The therapist notices that the patient attempts to put the toothpaste directly in his mouth and hair. The therapist would document this as:

a. Ideomotor apraxia
b. Ideational apraxia
c. Constructional apraxia
d. Conduction aphasia

A

Ideational apraxia

no idea at all

28
Q

A 62-year-old male patient with left hemiplegia was able to recognize his wife after she stayed with him for a while but he was unable to recognize the faces of his children when they came to visit. What term refers to the patient’s problem?

a. Anosognosia
b. Somatognosia
c. Visual agnosia
d. Ideational apraxia

A

Visual agnosia

29
Q

This separates the precentral gyrus from the postcentral gyrus:

a. Longitudinal cerebral fissure
b. Sylvian fissure
c. Parieto-occipital fissure
d. Calcarine sulcus
e. Rolandic sulcus

A

Rolandic sulcus

30
Q

While presenting a case about cerebrovascular accident, one of the panelists asks you structure located in the superior part of the temporal lobe near the lateral cerebral sulci interprets the basic characteristics of sound such as pitch and rhythm. What will be your response?

a. Area 22
b. Area 43
c. Area 44
d. Area 41, 42

A

Area 22

Code: yung ears natin mukhang 22 pag binaliktad mo isang 2

If specific: Right side daw

31
Q

The cortex of the parietal lobe contains the
I. Angular gyrus
II. Supramarginal gyrus
III. Broca’s Area
IV. Primary motor cortex
V. Primary sensory cortex

a. l and Ill
b. I, Il and Ill
c. All are correct
d. Ill and IV
e. I, ll and V

A

I, ll and V

III and IV: Frontal lobe

32
Q

The following are true about the diencephalon, EXCEPT:

a. Is surrounded by the two cerebellar hemispheres
b. Surrounds the 3rd ventricle which is located between the two thalami
c. Contains the hypothalamus
d. Is surrounded by the basal ganglia
e. About 4/5 of the diencephalon is thalamus

A

Is surrounded by the two cerebellar hemispheres

33
Q

The two cerebral hemispheres, with later differentiation into cerebral cortex, olfactory lobe and basal nuclei and other structures derive from what early embryonic portion of the neural tube?

a. Telencephalon
b. Diencephalon
c. Mesencephalon
d. Metencephalon
e. Myelencephalon

A

Telencephalon

34
Q

Functions of the right hemisphere of the cerebrum, EXCEPT:

a. Control of the left side
b. Tactile identification of objects
c. Holistic processing of information
d. Language functions
e. None of these

A

Language functions

Kasama siya sa MALL na code

35
Q

A patient has a tumor in the parietal lobe. The PT anticipates problems with

a. Muscle strength
b. Perception of spatial relationships
C. Sensation and motor function
d. Vision

A

Perception of spatial relationships

36
Q

A physical therapist is asked by a coworker to finish examining a patient because an emergency requires the therapist to leave. The coworker agrees and resumes the examination. The first therapist left notes titled, “sensory assessment”. Two wooden blocks identical in appearance but 1 pound different in weight are on the table in front of the patient. What test was the therapist most likely performing?

a. Barognosis test
b. Stereognosis test
c. Graphesthesia test
d. Texture recognition

A

Barognosis test

37
Q

These fibers cross the midline from one hemisphere to the other, a pathway of communication between the two hemispheres:

a. Association fibers
b. Projection fibers
c. Commissural fiber
d. None of these

A

Commissural fiber

A: Same hemisphere
B: Cerebral cortex to lower part of brainstem

38
Q

A short tube joining the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle in the midbrain:

a. Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius
b. Subarachnoid space
c. Lateral Ventricle
d. Cistern

A

Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius

39
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed primarily by specialized tissue in the ventricles called:

a. Parameter
b. Dura mater
c. Choroid plexus
d. Meninaes

A

Choroid plexus

40
Q

This structure separates the left and right cerebral hemisphere:

a. Lateral Fissure
b. Medial longitudinal fissure
c. Parieto-occipital fissure
d. Central Sulcus

A

Medial longitudinal fissure

41
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid fills these cavities within the brain:

a. Cistern
b. Ventricles
c. Subarachnoid space
d. Meninges
e. Sinus

A

Ventricles

42
Q

A physical therapist reviews the medical chart of a patient who underwent lumbar puncture. Based on your knowledge, the physician performs the procedure to extract cerebrospinal fluid sample for a diagnostic or therapeutic purpose. To do this, a needle must be inserted into which of the following structures?
a. Pia mater
b. Aqueduct of sylvius
c. Foramen ovale
d. Subarachnoid space

A

Subarachnoid space

43
Q

A 99 year-old woman was found unconscious at home. Two days later, the therapist examines her in the hospital. Findings include normal sensation and movement on the right side of the body with impaired sensation (touch, pressure, proprioception) and paralysis on the left side of the body. The left side of her lower face and her trunk are similarly impaired. The most likely location of the lesion is the

a. left side of brainstem
b. spinal cord
c. right parietal lobe
d. left parietal lobe

A

right parietal lobe

44
Q

Function of the cerebrospinal fluid:
I. Maintains extracellular fluid balance
I. Buoyancy to cushion the bran
III. Nourishes the brain
IV. Drains waste products from the brain

a. I, Il, and III
b. l and IlI
c. Il and IV
d. All of these
e. None of these

A

All of these

45
Q

The Motor and Somesthetic areas are both closely associated with this fissure:

a. Medial longitudinal fissure
b. Rolandic fissure
c. lateral sylvian fissure
d. parieto-occipital fissure
e. none of these

A

Rolandic fissure

46
Q

Balint’s syndrome is also known as:

a. Anosognosia
b. Prosopagnosia
c. Simultanagnosia
d. Somatognosia
e. Color agnosia

A

Simultanagnosia

Code: saBAy

47
Q

The limbic lobe of the brain is a functional collection of structures that regulate higher activities such as memory and emotion. It includes the following:

I. Hippocampus
II. Uncus
III. Cingulate gyrus
IV. Parahippocampal gyrus

a. All of these
b. I, Il and III
c. Iland IV
d. land III
e. Only IV

A

All of these

48
Q

The 5th layer of the cerebral cortex that contains the betz cells:

a. Molecular
b. External pyramidal
c. Internal pyramidal
d. External granular
e. Internal granular

A

Internal pyramidal

49
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid enters the subarachnoid space at the

a. Arachnoid villi
b. Choroid plexus
c. Foramen of luschka and magendie
d. Foramen of Monroe

A

Foramen of luschka and magendie

50
Q

A patient S/P right CVA has visual agnosia. As a PT that has the proper knowledge on the different areas of the brain and their functions, where is the most probable lesion in this condition?

a. Lesion in area 18, 19
b. Lesion in area 5, 7
c. Lesion in area 3, 1, 2
d. Lesion in area 9, 10, 11

A

Lesion in area 18, 19

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