Neuro

Question 1

best way to prevent a neural tube defect

Answer 1

folic acid

Question 2

2 types of neural tube defects

Answer 2

posterior and anterior

Question 3

posterior defects (2)

Answer 3

anencephaly

myelodysplasias - closure of neuro tube in back

Question 4

anterior mid-line defect of neural tube

Answer 4

cyclopia - rarely survive; 1 hr post birth at most/stillborn

Question 5

neural tube defects are defects of what

Answer 5

spine

brain

Question 6

most common neural tubal defects

Answer 6

spina bifida

anencephaly

Question 7

whose affected more with neural tube deficits

Answer 7

white girls

Question 8

risk factors for neural tube defects

Answer 8

hereditary
maternal obesity
advanced maternal age
zinc deficiency during preg
anti-convulsion therapy
lower socioeconomic classes

Question 9

when do neural tubal defects develop

Answer 9

between 17 and 30 days after conception

Question 10

anencephaly manifestations

Answer 10

the upper portion of the neural tube doesn’t close

brain doesn’t fully develop (cerebral hemispheres)

Question 11

spina bifida manifestations

Answer 11

the lower sacral area the neural tube doesn’t close properly

Question 12

lifespan with anencephaly

Answer 12

stillborn or a few hours of life

Question 13

encephalocele manifestations

Answer 13

brain is more posterior - parts of the brain live in a sac outside of the skull

Question 14

lifespan with encephalocele

Answer 14

they live, with ID - varying degrees

Question 15

2 types of spina bifida

Answer 15

spina bifida cystica (more severe form)

spina bifida occulta

Question 16

which spina bifida is the more severe form

Answer 16

spina bifida cystica

Question 17

what else can develop as a result of spina bifida cystica (2 versions)

Answer 17

meningocele - neural tube hasn’t closed- sac on the back containing cerebral spinal fluid and may contain meninges
meningomyelocele - contains part of spinal cord, meninges and cerebral spinal fluid

Question 18

manifestation of spina bifida occulta

Answer 18

no opening on back
no sac
neural tube isn’t completely closed, remains open; but no damage to meninges or spinal cord
may have tuft of hair or dimple

Question 19

manifestations of meningocele

Answer 19

cerebral spinal fluid filled sac on the back - protect the sac

Question 20

least common form of spina bifida

Answer 20

meningocele

Question 21

myelomeningocele manifestations

Answer 21

some degree of paralysis
nerve damage
spinal cord and meninges are pushed out through opening in the back
placed on bowel/bladder mgmt

Question 22

most severe and frequent form of spina bifida

Answer 22

myelomeningocele

Question 23

those with myelomeningocele are more likely to have an allergy to latextrue or false

Answer 23

true

Question 24

it is not uncommon for those with myelomeningocele to have an associated hydrocephaly, true or false

Answer 24

true

Question 25

is there a cure for spina bifida

Answer 25

no, prevent

Question 26

hydrocephalus is not

Answer 26

water on the brain | its cerebral spinal fluid

Question 27

cause of hydrocephalus

Answer 27

congenital | acquired (shaking baby)

Question 28

pathology of hydrocephalus

Answer 28

production of cerebral spinal fluid with decreased absorption

Question 29

hydropcephalus has 2 categories

Answer 29

communicting | non-communicating

Question 30

communicting hydropcephalus

Answer 30

interruption between production to absorption | inadequate absorption of fluid when ventricular pathways are not obstructed

Question 31

non communicating hyrdopchephalus

Answer 31

obstruction/stenosis/tumor from point of production to absorption

Question 32

what helps determine hydrocephalus

Answer 32

occiptial head circumference

Question 33

functions of cerebral spinal fluid

Answer 33

protection buoyancy excretion of waste products endocrine medium for the brain

Question 34

cerebral spinal fluid is always in constant state of flowing through brain and spinal cord, t or f

Answer 34

true

Question 35

absorption of cerebral spinal fluid into the blood takes place through

Answer 35

arachnoid villi

Question 36

structure that produces cerebral spinal fluid

Answer 36

choroid plexus

Question 37

structure that allows absorption cerebral spinal fluid

Answer 37

subarachnoid space

Question 38

s/s of hydrocephalus

Answer 38

frontal bossing - elongated sunset eyes - low high pitched cry scalp veins prominent

Question 39

procedure that can be done for hydrocephaly

Answer 39

third ventricular cisternostomy | shunt

Question 40

2 risks r/t shunt for hydrocephaly

Answer 40

infection | obstruction

Question 41

reye syndrome correlation

Answer 41

associated with ASA ingestion

Question 42

reye syndrome effects

Answer 42

brain and liver

Question 43

22;46

Answer 43

1:27;27