Heart Flashcards
leading cause of death in the first year of life
congenital heart defects
risk fxrs for congenital heart defects
maternal rubella drugs/alcohol maternal infection maternal insulin dependent diabetes over age 40 use of anti-seizure medications nutrition chromosomal abnormalities (down syndrome)
is congenital heart failure acquired
yes
s/s of congenital heart failure
poor feeding/sucking
failure to thrive
defects increasing pulmonary blood flow
atrial septal defect (ASD)
ventricle septal defect (VSD)
what is an atrial septal defect
abnormal communication between the atria
blood is shunted from left to right
rt atrial enlargement
hole in atrial septum that separates rt and let atria
dx of atrial septal defect
Systolic murmur heard in the 2nd intercostal space SOB asymptomatic slender build can excercise
which gender does ASD effect more?
girls - twice as much
what is a ventricle septal defect
abnormal communication between ventricles
hole in the ventricular muscle wall
“left to right shunt”
what account for symptoms of VSD
pulmonary over-circulation
what happens with small holes in VSD
they usually close spontaneously in first 1-2 yr
what happens w/lg holes in VSD
require surgical closure in first year of life
what is atrioventricular canal defect
a combo of defects w/malformations of tricuspid and mitral valves
blood moves freely between the 4 chambers
what does atrioventricular canal defect occur in conjunction with
down syndrome
what is patent ductus arteriosis (PDA)
a minor vessel connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery
mixes oxygen rich blood with oxygen poor blood
loud, machine like murmur
if the ductus arteriosis remains open (PDA) what could occur
heart failure
an obstructive defect
coarctation of the aorta
what is coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the lumen of the aorta blocking blood flow
what position is coartacation of the aorta
juxtaductal, but can occur anywhere between aortic arch and bifurcation of the aorta
manifestation of coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the vessel or shelf-like obstruction within the aorta
effect of coarctation of the aorta
high blood pressure in left ventricle (which pumps blood into the aorta) and the part of the aorta between the heart and the blockage (AA-aortic arch)
coarctation of aorta in newborns
congestive heart failure
once the ductus closes, rapid deterioration; hypotension, acidosis, shock
*coarctation of aorta in older child
htn in upper extremities
*decreased/absent pulses in lwr extremities
cool, mottled skin
leg cramps w/exercise
defects decreasing pulmonary blood flow
tetralogy of fallot
