Neuro Flashcards
(63 cards)
1
Q
cranial nerves
A
olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal vagus accessory hypoglossal
2
Q
diencephalon
A
forebrain - prosencephalon
thalamus
epithalamus
hypothalamus
3
Q
telencephalon
A
forebrain - prosencephalon cortex hippocampus amygdala basal ganglia
4
Q
mesencephalon
A
mid brain tectum tegmentum superior colliculi inferior colliculi motor nuclei
5
Q
myelencephalon
A
hind brain - rhombencephalon
medulla
6
Q
metencephalon
A
hind brain - rhombencephalon
pons
cerebellum
7
Q
grey matter
A
unmyelinated
8
Q
white matter
A
myelinated
9
Q
parasympathetic
A
rest and digest
10
Q
sulci
gyri
fissure
A
small grooves
bulges
large grooves
11
Q
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
A
exoskeleton
organs
lining of organs
12
Q
layers of the cortex
A
molecular extra granular pyramidal inner granular ganglionic multiform
13
Q
anterior / rostral
A
front of head
14
Q
posterior / caudal
A
back of head
15
Q
ventral
A
belly
16
Q
dorsal
A
bsck
17
Q
lateral
A
sides
18
Q
superior
A
head
19
Q
inferior
A
feet
20
Q
frontal lobe
A
higher intellect, personality, language
executive function
motor control - M1
brocas area
21
Q
parietal lobe
A
language (dominant hemisphere)
visuospatial (non-dominant)
sensitive to somatosensory and proprioceptive information
feedback from motor and premotor areas
22
Q
temporal lobe
A
memory
language
auditory processing
23
Q
occipital lobe
A
visual processing
perception
24
Q
limbic lobe
A
motivation
emotion
learning
memory
25
limbic system
```
hippocampus (cortical)
amygdala
mammillary bodies
nucleus accumbens
septal nuclei
```
26
hippocampus
memory
27
amygdala
emotion
28
mammillary bodies
memory
| connect to hippocampus via fornix
29
nucleus accumbens
behaviour and sleep
30
septal nuclei
connected to olfactory bulb
31
basal ganglia
motor movement, perception, memory, decision making, emotion
```
caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
substrate nigra
sub-thalamic nucleus
```
32
hypothalamus
```
homeostasis
emotion
thirst and hunger
cardiac rhythm
ANS
```
33
thalamus
relays motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex
34
lateral geniculate nucleus
in thalamus
6 layers: M-cells, P-cells
relay centre for visual pathway
35
medulla oblongata
most caudal part of brain
part of reticular formation here
regulated cardiovascular system, breathing, skeletal muscle tone
36
pons
core of reticular formation here
controls sleep and arousal
carries signals to thalamus
contains nuclei that relay signals from forebrain to cerebellum
respiration, bladder control, hearing taste, eye movement, facial expression
37
cerebellum
```
motor control
coordination
precision
timing
integrates sensory inputs from spine and brain and produces motor activity
motor learning
```
38
ventricles
lateral x2
third (from lateral via interventricular foramen / monro)
fourth (connected to third by cerebral aqueduct / aqueduct sylvius)
39
CSF
```
produced by choroid plexus
occupies ventricles, spine and subarachnoid space
protective roles
regulation of blood flow
maintains ionic concentration
produced from arterial blood
small amount produced by ependymal cells
```
40
spine
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
41
Motor areas
M1 - primary motor
suplemental motor - advance movement planning
pre-motor - planning actions
pre-frontal - links motor, limbic and perceptual regions
42
broca's area
speech production
| expressive aphasia
43
anterior cingulate cortex
learning subjective value encoding
| active selection
44
insula cortex
```
pain perception
social engagement
empathy
emotion
behind temporal lobe
```
45
internal capsule
area of white matter
ascending and descending axons
info from M1
damage can cause hemiplegia
46
wernicke's area
language comprehension
| fluent aphasia
47
dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway
```
cortex
thalamus
medial lemniscus
dorsal column nuclei in medulla
dorsal column in spine
dorsal root axon in spine
```
touch, vibration, two point discrimination, proprioception
48
spinothalamic pathway
cortex
thalamus
lateral spinothalamic tract in spine (via medulla)
dorsal root axon
pain, temp, some touch
49
damage to superior parietal lobe
inability to guide limbs
50
damage to inferior parietal lobe
apraxia - inability to perform learned tasks
left dominant
astereoagnosia - cant recognise objects by touch
51
wernicke - geshwind connectionist model
laguage process in wernickes
angular gyrus and arculate fasciculus make words meaningful
ability to repeat words - brocas area
52
basilar artery
arises from 2 vertebral arteries at junction between pons and medulla
divides into posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
53
circle of wilys
junction of basilar arteries
two internal carotid
two posterior cerebral arteries
one anterior communicating artery
54
central artery
supply interior structures
diencephalon
corpus striatum
internal capsule
55
anterior cerebral arteries
frontal and limbic
56
middle cerebral arteries
frontal, parietal, temporal
57
posterior cerebral arteries
occipital, parietal, temporal
58
autonomic NS
unconscious
regulates body functions
PSNS
SNS
59
somatic NS
voluntary control of movements via skeletal muscles
60
afferent
| efferent
away from stim / sensory
| toward effectors / motor
61
asymmetrical (grays 1) synapse
excitatory
62
symmetrical (grays 2) synapse
inhibitory
63
myasthenia gravis
antibodies against ACh
| autoimmune disease
