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Medicine Second Year 3 > Neuro Anatomy > Flashcards

Neuro Anatomy Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

What makes up the brain stem from superior to inferior:

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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2
Q

Which cranial fossa does the brainstem lie in

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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3
Q

Embryologically which 2 vesicles of neural tube give rise to the brainstem

A

3rd and 4th

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4
Q

What cavities of the ventricular system lie within the brainstem

A

cerebral aqueduct and 4th ventricle

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5
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction

A

VI, VII, VIII

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6
Q

Where do the pyramids lie, and what is their function

A

On the surface of the medulla

carry motor fibres to spinal cord and brain stem

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7
Q

Where do the decussation of the pyramids lie and what is their function

A

On the surface of the medulla

major decussation point of motor fibres

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8
Q

Where does the olive lie and what is its function

A

On the surface of the medulla

aiding sound perception and motor learning

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9
Q

What structure does the open (superior) part of the medulla open into

A

IV ventricle

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10
Q

Through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord

A

Foramen magnum

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11
Q

What 2 structures can be seen on the surface of the pons

A

Origin of trigeminal nerve

The middle cerebellar peduncle (made up of centripetal fibres)

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12
Q

Which part of the brain lies immediately superior to the midbrain

A

Thalamus

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13
Q

Which part of the brain lies immediately inferior to the midbrain

A

Pons

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14
Q

Where do the cerebral peduncles lie and where are they destined for

A

Surface of midbrain

Connects cerebellum to brainstem

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15
Q

Name 2 other structures that lie on the surface of midbrain

A

Superior and inferior colliculi

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16
Q

What makes make up the Diencephalon

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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17
Q

Which two parts of the brain do the thalamus and hypothalamus lie between

A

Midbrain and cerebrum

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18
Q

What is the name given to the midline structure connecting the 2 cerebellar hemispheres

A

Vermis

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19
Q

To what part of the brain is the cerebellar hemisphere connected to by peduncles

A

Brainstem

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20
Q

What is the ventricular space that lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum

A

4th ventricle

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21
Q

What cranial fossa is the cerebellum in contact with

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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22
Q

The part of the cerebellum that lies on the Posterior cranial fossa is called

A

Cerebellar tonsils

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23
Q

Development: Forebrain becomes which structures

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

cerebral hemisphere

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24
Q

Midbrain becomes which structures

A

Midbrain

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25
Hindbrain becomes which structures
Pons Cerebellum Medulla
26
What name is given to the large fissure separating the two cerebral hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure
27
What connects the two hemisphere and what nerve fibres are carried their
Corpus callosum | Commissural
28
What is the tentorium cerebelli
Fold of dura mater which covers over the cerebellum
29
Where do the cerebral hemispheres sit
On the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and the middle cranial fossa.
30
Posteriorly where do the cerebral hemispheres sit
On the tentorium cerebelli
31
Where is the primary motor cortex located
Frontal lobe
32
Where is the primary visual cortex located
Occipital lobe
33
Where is the primary sensory cortex located
Parietal lobe
34
Where is the primary auditory cortex located
Temporal lobe
35
At what vertebral level do the dura mater and arachnoid mater terminate
S2
36
What happens to the Pia mater inferior to the spinal cord
Becomes filum terminale
37
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31
38
Blood supply to the nervous system is the circle of willis - name the arteries in the circle of willis
1. Anterior cerebral A 2. Anterior communicating A 3. Ophthalmic A 4. internal carotid A 5. External carotid A 6. Posterior communicating A 7. Posterior cerebral A 8. Superior Cerebellar A 9. Basilar A 10. Labyrinthine A 11. Anterior inferior cerebellar A 12. Posterior inferior cerebellar A 13. Vertebral artery 14. Anterior spinal A
39
From which arteries do the left and right vertebral arteries arise
subclavian
40
At what vertebral level do the left and right internal carotid arteries arise
C4
41
How is the basilar artery formed
2 vertebral arteries join at the base of the skull
42
Which part of the brain stem is the basilar artery most closely related to
Pons
43
Which artery link the internal carotid artery to the posterior cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
44
Which artery links the anterior cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery
45
Anterior cerebral artery
Longitudinal fissure
46
Middle cerebral artery
Lateral Sulcus
47
Posterior cerebral artery
Junction of midbrain and pons
48
What functional areas of the brain are supplied by the anterior cerebral artery
Area of olfaction
49
What functional areas of the brain are supplied by the middle cerebral artery
Primary motor cortex Primary sensory area primary auditory area
50
What functional areas of the brain are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery
Primary visual cortex
51
Which part of the brain do the vertebra-basilar system supply
Brain stem, occipital lobes and cerebellum
52
Which cranial nerve emerges from just above the superior cerebellar artery
Trigeminal nerve
53
What vein drains into the cavernous sinus and what structure in the skull base is closely related to it
ophthalmic | sphenoid sinus
54
What fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space
CSF
55
What other structures are in the subarachnoid space
Delicate connective tissue
56
What is the falx cerebra and what structures does it separate
The midline vertical sheet of dura | separates cerebral hemispheres
57
To what bony structures does the falx cerebri attach anteriorly
crista galli and frontal and ethmoid processes.
58
Which dural venous sinus run within the upper border of falx cerebri
inferior sagittal sinus
59
Which dural venous sinus run within the lower border of falx cerebri
occipital sinus
60
What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli
cerebellum and inferior portion of occipital lobes
61
What is the fold of dura that surrounds the pituitary stalk
sella diaphragm
62
What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of
Maxillary artery - supplies dura mater
63
Which artery is the maxillary artery a terminal branch of and within which glandular structure is it given off
External carotid artery | Parotid gland
64
Where does the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle lie and the body of the lateral ventricle
Frontal lobe | Parietal lobe
65
Where does the posterior horn of lateral horn lie
Occipital lobe
66
Where does the inferior horn of the lateral horn lie
Temporal lobe
67
Where does the inter ventricular foramen lie
Connection between 3rd ventricle and lateral ventricles
68
Where does the 3rd ventricle lie
Midline between left and right lateral ventricles
69
What does the cerebral aqueduct (midbrain) do
Connects 3rd ventricle to 4th
70
Where is the 4th ventricle located
Pons
71
What cells that lie in ventricles that generate CSF
Ependymal cells
72
Where is the choroid plexus located
Above the 3rd ventricle
73
Name the 4 parts of the corpus callosum
rostrum genu body splenium
74
What is the septum pellucidum and what do they do?
Thin sheet which lies in the mid sagittal plane and separates the anterior horns of the 2 lateral ventricles
75
What is the caudate nucleus and where is it
One of the basal nuclei | A bulbous projection on the floor of the lateral ventricle
76
Functions of the hypothalamus
Releasing hormones Regulating body temp Regulating emotional responses
77
Where is the pineal gland located
Immediately posterior to the thalamus. | Colliculi surround pineal gland
78
What 2 structures make up the basil ganglia
Caudate and lentiform nucleus
79
What is the internal capsule made up of
myelinated axons (white matter)
80
Which cerebral artery supplies the internal capsule
Middle cerebral artery
81
What is the substantial nigra
Functionally a part of basal ganglia
82
What cranial nerve opens into the cribriform plate of ethmoid
Olfactory
83
What cranial nerve opens into the optic canal
Optic
84
What cranial nerve opens into the superior orbital fissure
Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducent
85
What cranial nerve opens into the foramen rotundum
maxillary branch of Trigeminal
86
What cranial nerve opens into the foramen ovale
Mandibular branch of Trigeminal
87
What cranial nerve opens into the internal acoustic meatus
Facial | Vestibulocochlear
88
What cranial nerve opens into the jugular foramen
Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory
89
What cranial nerve opens into the
Hypoglossal canal

Medicine Second Year 3 (27 decks)

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