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ANP neuro > Neuro anatomy pt 2 > Flashcards

Neuro anatomy pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brain stem composed of

A

Midbrain,pons and medulla oblongata

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2
Q

What is the function of the brain stem

A

Automatic behaviour, higher and lower neural centers, associated with 10 pairs of cranial nerves.

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3
Q

What is the function of the midbrain

A

They are responsible for visual reflexes and auditory reflexes

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4
Q

What is the midbrain composed of

A

Two cerebral peduncles that motor tracts allow the cerebral aqueduct to run through.

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5
Q

What does the periaqueductal gray matter allow

A

allow pain suppression

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6
Q

What is the substantia nigra

A

It’s a precursor for dopamine,its a band like nucleus

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7
Q

What is the red nucleus

A

Rich vascular supply high in iron pigment that influence limb flexion

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8
Q

What is the function of the Pons

A

It is like a bridge, it communicates with the cerebellum.

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9
Q

What are the cranial nerves connected to the pons

A

The Trigeminal (V), anducens (VI) and facial VII.

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10
Q

What are parts of the pons

A

The reticular formation and others that involve respiration

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11
Q

What are the cranial nerves related to the medulla oblongata

A

The hypoglossal (XII) ,glossopharungeal (IX), vagus (X) and Vestibulochochlear nerve (VIII).

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12
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata

A

It is an automatic centre for homeostasis. it controls the cardiovascular, respiratory and other centers responsible for vomiting, hiccups etc.

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13
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

Inputs cerebral motor cortex, brainstem nuclei and sensory receptors with timing and patterns.(unconscious control)

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14
Q

What are the 3 lobes found in the folia ( cerebellum)

A

Anterior,posterior and flocculonodular

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15
Q

What is the function of the anterior and posterior lobes

A

they have sensory map tha recives imput and control the output on the same body region. They coordinate muscle groups via the motor cortex. The proprioceptive,planning and instruction information.

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16
Q

What is the function of the flocculonodular lobes

A

Balance and some eye movements

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17
Q

What are the ipsilateral

A

Fibres entering and leaving the cerebellum

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18
Q

What are the sections of the cerebellum

A

The superior,middle and inferior

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19
Q

What is the function of the superior part of the cerebellum

A

Instructions sent to the cerebral motor cortex via the thalamus

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20
Q

What is the function of the middle part of the cerebellum

A

A one was communication from the pons to cerebellar neurons ( Voluntary movement)

21
Q

What is the function of the inferior

A

Info to cerebellum from muscle proprioceptors (body and joints) , also balance.

22
Q

What are the steps for cerebellar processing to fine-tune motor activity

A
  1. The cortex frontal motor association area indicates and initiates an action in the cerebellum
  2. The cerebellum receives proprioceptive, visual and equilibrium info.
  3. The cerebellar cortex receives the info and determines the best way to coordinate force, and direction for muscle contraction.
  4. The cerebellum sends the blueprint for coordination to the cerebral motor cortex, also output to the brain stem nuclei that projects in motor neurons.
23
Q

What is the function of the limbic system?

A

The emotional-visceral brain. They link odours, memories and emotions. Ia a pathway for the hypothalamus.

24
Q

What are the 3 parts of the limbic system

A

The amygdala, hippocampus and anterior cingulate gyrus.

25
Q

What is the function of the amygdala

A

Responsible for anger,fear and danger

26
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus

A

Involved in emotions and memory

27
Q

What is the function of the anterior cingulate gyrus

A

Involved in gestures and resolving conflicts

28
Q

What is the function of the reticular formation

A

Maintaining the arousal of the brain and filtering incoming signals

29
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord

A

It is a 2 way conduction system , Major reflex center , initiates complex patters of motor activity

30
Q

What is gray matter composed of

A

neurons are multipolar

31
Q

What do anterior horns do

A

They are part of the somatic motor neuron and exit via ventral roots

32
Q

What do lateral horns do

A

They are part of automatic motor neuron and exit via ventral roots

33
Q

What is the function of dorsal root ganglion

A

They are sensory receptors that travel to the dorsal roots and the axon enters the cord to travel to the brain and synapse with interneurons in posterior horns.

34
Q

What is white matter composed of

A

Myelinated and unmyelinated fibers the communicate with the brain and cord

35
Q

What are the functions of white matter

A

Consists of a chain of 2 or 3 neuron , exhibit somatotopy ,the pathways and tracts are paired

36
Q

What is the function of meninges

A

Cover and protect CNS, Protect blood vessels, contains cerebrospinal fluid, form partition with the skull

37
Q

What is the dura matter?

A

The most outer layer and toughest of the brain. Composed of 2 layers and one layer on the spinal cord.

38
Q

What is the arachnoid matter

A

between the dura matter and subdural space that is filled with CSF and contains large blood vessles.

39
Q

What is the role of arachnoid granulation

A

accumulate CSF

40
Q

What can be found in the pia mater

A

Delicate CT and tiny blood vessels

41
Q

What is meningitis

A

When the meninges gets infected

42
Q

What is the encephalitis

A

When meningitis is left untreated

43
Q

What is the role of CSF

A

Give a cussion to give buoyancy and protects and had nutritive roles. Smiliar to plasma but more vit,Na,Cl,Mg,H

44
Q

What are the choroid plexuses

A

a roof ventricle of CSF that has permeable capillaries.

45
Q

How long does it take to replace CSF

A

8 hours

46
Q

Why can some hormones act like neurotransmitter

A

Because some neurons can increase the rate of neuronal firing

47
Q

What is the blood-brain barrier composed of

A

An epithelium of capillary wall (tight junction), thick basal laminal that destroys chemicals and feet of astrocytes plus smooth muscles that stimulate the formation of tight junctions.

48
Q

What can get in the blood-brain barrier

A

glucose, essential amino acids, electrolytes,fats, oxygen,c2,fat-soluble molecules

49
Q

What is a downside to the blood-brain barrier

A

the capillaries are porous and near the vomiting center ,hypothalamus that can affect them.

ANP neuro (5 decks)

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