Neuro approaches to disorders of learning and attention-Crawford Flashcards
What is a psychologist?
-have a doctoral degree in psychology AND a board certified license to practice psychology
A neuropsychological assessment typically requires….?
Review of records (past testing, grades, IEP, etc.)
Interview (i.e., Parent, Teacher, and Child)
Rating Scales (i.e., Parent, Teacher, and Child)
Observation (e.g., classroom)
Intellectual assessment (e.g., IQ)
Academic testing (e.g., math, reading, spelling)
Neuropsychological testing (e.g., memory, attention, social cognition, executive function, visuospatial, motor, language, emotional functioning)
What screening does she always perform?
emotional
What are the neuropsychological tests?
memory attention social cognition executive function visuospatial motor language emotional functioning
What is intelligience?
- abstract thought
- reasoning
- problem solving
- acquired knowledge
- communication skills
How do you test intelligience?
Common IQ test:
Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WAIS-V (adult), WISC-V (kid), WPPSI-IV (preschool))
Differential Abilities Scale (DAS-II)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5)
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC)
What is an average IQ and what percent of the pop fits in it?
90-110 (50%)
What IQ level is considered gifted?
130 and above
What is considered intellectually disabled?
below 70
What is the WISC-V model?
Gives full scale IQ tests:
verbal, visual, fluid reasoning, working memory, processing speed
What part of the WISC-V gives you the general ability index?
- verbal comp, visual spatial, fluid reasoning
- > measures overall reasoning ability
IS there reading, writing, or math on the IQ test?
no
What are some factors about the test that can cause discrepancies in IQ scores?
- out of date test norms (e.g flynn effect)
- brief IQ screenings or group testing
- discrepant index
- instruments must be normed for SES and native language
- neurodevelopment disorder can effect performance
What is the flynn effect?
over time, IQ scores go up in population
in emerging cultures flynn effect is much more predominant
What are some factors about the test taker that can cause discrepancies in IQ scores?
- Emotional State (e.g., anxiety, sadness, anger, frustration)
- Personality Traits (e.g., shy, outgoing)
- Physical State (e.g., health, sleep, hunger)
- Motivation/Effort
- Testing Environment (e.g., location and timing)
- Skill of the Examiner
Infant test scores are virtually unrelated to intelligence at age (blank) years.
5
After age 5, IQ estimates have considerable stability (within 7 points)
Stability of IQ increases throughout (blank)
childhood
Researchers have found IQ is highly (blank).
heritable (approx .75)
The heritability of IQ increases with (blank) (as low as .35 in childhood)
age
what is this:
Deficit in general intellectual ability & impairment in everyday adaptive functioning (i.e., social, practical, conceptual) in comparison to peers
intellectual disability (ID)
Diagnosis of intellectual disability is based on what?
how common is it?
both clinical assessment and standardized testing of intellectual ability
1%
What is the three criteria that must be met to give the diagnosis of ID?
- Deficits in intellectual function confirmed by both clinical assessment & individualized, standardized, intelligence testing (i.e., IQ score two standard deviations below population mean).
- Deficits in adaptive functioning (e.g., daily living skills, communication, social skills) across multiple settings
- Onset during the developmental period.
Level of severity of ID, is defined on the basis of (blank)
adaptive functioning
What is this:
- Difficulty with learning & academic skills (i.e., reading, math, writing) that is not attributable to intellectual ability
- Has biological origins that include an interaction of genetic & environmental factors
- Affect the brain’s ability to perceive or process verbal or non-verbal information efficiently and accurately.
- Prevalence (all academic domains) is 5 - 15%
- More common in males than females (ratios range from about 2:1 to 3:1)
- Commonly co-occurs with other disorders
Learning Disorders (LD)
