neuro cortex - neuro-oncology Flashcards
(41 cards)
where is the embryological origin of the cerebrum?
telencephalon
where is the primary motor area located?
precentral gyrus in the frontal lobe
what is located in the inferior frontal gyrus?
broca’s area - important for language production
what happens if broca’s area is damaged?
expressive dysphasia (the patient can comprehend words but produces faulty sentences and phonemic errors) eg parket vs carpet
where is the postecentral gyrus located? and what does it contain?
parietal lobe
contains the primary soamtosensory area
damage to which area causes nominal aphasia?
inferior parietal lobule
what is nominal aphasia?
problems recalling words, name and numbers
what is in the superior temporal gyrus?
the auditory area of the cortex and Wernicke’s speech area in the dominant hemisphere (left)
what does damage to Wernick’es area cause?
receptive dysphasia - impaired comprehension but speech is fluent
what does the limbic system do?
emotional functions and memory system
which important structures are located in the limbic?
cingulate gyrus and hippocampus
where embryologically does the cerebellum come from?
metencephalon
which structure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
tentori cerebelli
which 3 components is the cerebellum divided into?
vestibulocerebellum
spinocerebellum
cerebrocerebellum
what does the vestibulocerebellum do?
recieves input fro the vestibular organs for the maintanence of balance and coordinating vestibule ocular reflexes
what does the spinocerebelum do?
maintains muscle tone and participates in posture and gait
what does the cerebrocerebellum do?
coordination of voluntary motor activity and correct any error in the movements to ensure they are smoothly executed
which mneumonic is used to rememer the symptoms produced by cerebellar dysfunction?
DANISH
d - dysdiadochokineasia = impairment of rapid alternating movements (ask patient to perform quick, alternating pronation and supination of the hand)
a - ataxia (broa-based gait)
n - nystagmus (carry out the H test for extraoccular muscle function)
i - intention tremor (ask patient to do the finger-nose test)
s - scanning dysarthria - patient speaks slowly with poor articulation of speech
h - hypotonia - reduced tone
which structures come from the diencephalon?
thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epothalamus
which 3 systems does the hypothalamus influence?
- autonomic nervous system
- endocrine system
- limbic system
which symptoms arise from lesions to the subthalamic nuclei?
contralateral hemiballism - flinging movements of the upper and lower limbs on 1 side of the body
which are the main diseases affected by lesions to the basal ganglia and surrounding structures?
parkinson’s and huntington’s
a tumour / lesion/ stroke in the frontal lobe will present with which symptoms?
- contralateral weakness due to deficit in the primary motor cortex
- personality changes including disinhibition and cognitive slowing
- urinary incontinence
- gaze abnormalities
- expressive dysphasia / aphasia for left sided lesions if Broca’s area is involved
- seizures
a tumour / lesion / stroke in the temporal lobe will present with which symptoms?
- memory deficits
- receptive aphasia / dysphasia for left sided lesions if Wernikie’s area is involved
- contralateral superior quadrantopia
- seizures
