Neuro High Yield

Question 1

Red neurons

Answer 1

Necrotic neurons following ischemia, e.g. stroke

Question 2

Cyclopia/cleft lip

Answer 2

Holoprosencephaly i.e. problem w/ ventral induction

Question 3

Dark CSF + dark WM/light GM

Answer 3

FLAIR MRI

Question 4

Prolonged F-wave

Answer 4

Prox slowing in anterior horn

Question 5

Alpha-synuclein

Answer 5

Accumulates and forms Lewy bodies in PD

Question 6

L’Hermitte’s sign, Dawson’s fingers, oligoclonal bands

Answer 6

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 7

Cowdry-type inclusions

Answer 7

HSV encephalitis

Question 8

Kernig/Brudzinski signs

Answer 8

Condordant leg/neck mvmt seen in meningitis

Question 9

Pseudopalisading cells

Answer 9

Glioblastoma

Question 10

Soap-bubbly/cystic appearance

Answer 10

HIV assoc Cryptococcus encephalopathy

Question 11

Spongiform degeneration

Answer 11

CJD

Question 12

Onion bulbs

Answer 12

Recurrent de/remyelination in CIDP

Question 13

Heliotrope discoloration of upper eyelids

Answer 13

Dermatomyositis

Question 14

Gower’s sign

Answer 14

Muscular dystrophy (how these babies push up to stand)

Question 15

Hatchet face

Answer 15

Myotonic dystrophy

Question 16

Sommers sector

Answer 16

Vulnerable area of hippocampus often affected in diffuse hypoxia

Question 17

Anti GM1 ganglioside Ab

Answer 17

MMN

Question 18

Multiple CNS lesions in time/space

Answer 18

Multiple sclerosis

Question 19

Ragged red fibers

Answer 19

Increased mitochondria in myopathies

Question 20

Diurnal variation of sx

Answer 20

Myasthenia gravis

Question 21

Vision loss when bending over/papilloedema

Answer 21

Pseudotumor cerebri

Question 22

Rosenthal fibers

Answer 22

Pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 23

Fried egg cell

Answer 23

Oligodenrocyte

Question 24

Gingival hyperplasia

Answer 24

S/E of phenytoin

Question 25

SOD1 mutation

Answer 25

ALS (familial form, most are idiopathic)

Question 26

b-blocker vs b-interferon

Answer 26

Migraine prophylaxis vs. MS treatment

Question 27

Recent Campylobacter infxn

Answer 27

AMAN, AMSAN

Question 28

Homer-Wright rosettes

Answer 28

Medulloblastoma

Question 29

Psammoma bodies, whorls

Answer 29

Meningioma

Question 30

Baby w/ unusual odor

Answer 30

Inborn error of metabolism

Question 31

b1 deficiency

Answer 31

Loss of anterograde memory in Korsakoffs

Question 32

Low frequency hearing loss

Answer 32

Meniere’s disease

Question 33

Elevated ESR

Answer 33

Temporal arteritis

Question 34

DOC for trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 34

Carbamezapine

Question 35

Inducers

Answer 35

Carbamezapine, phenytoin, phenobarb

Question 36

Inhibitors

Answer 36

Valproic acid

Question 37

+ Hallpike Dix

Answer 37

Vertical nsystagmus away from lower ear, torsional toward

Question 38

+ Romberg

Answer 38

Central lesion causing nystagmus

Question 39

Coma w/ + pupillary light reflex

Answer 39

METABOLIC coma

Question 40

Decreased hypocretin

Answer 40

Narcolepsy

Question 41

Damage to area 44/45

Answer 41

Brocas aphasia, comprehension intact but speech poor

Question 42

Damage to area 22

Answer 42

Wernickes aphasia, fluent but makes no sense

Question 43

Colcichine

Answer 43

Gout drug that causes myo/neuro/cardiomyopathy

Question 44

Symmetric vs asymmetric neuropathy

Answer 44

Hereditary vs acquired

Question 45

SIADH

Answer 45

SE of carbamezapine/oxcarbazepine

Question 46

Thunderclap HA, worst HA of life

Answer 46

SAH

Question 47

Bunina bodies

Answer 47

ALS (eoisinophilic inclusions)

Question 48

Natalizumab

Answer 48

MS drug that can reactive latent JC virus  fatal PML

Question 49

Markedly high opening pressure (~200)

Answer 49

Bacterial meningitis

Question 50

Lesion at corticomedullary jxn

Answer 50

Met (or possible absecess, b/c also hemato spread)

Question 51

Imaging for SC trauma

Answer 51

CT for fracture, MRI for complications

Question 52

Disappearance of reflex grasp

Answer 52

6mo, at this point baby actually reaches for objects and grasps

Question 53

Internal capsule lesion

Answer 53

 true motor stroke, i.e. no sensory deficits, purely UMN sx

Question 54

Acute vs chronic SC transaction

Answer 54

Hyporeflexia vs hyperreflexia

Question 55

Duret hemorrhage

Answer 55

Bleeding in pons, seen in uncal herniation

Question 56

“Repeat” genetic diseases

Answer 56

Fragile X, Huntingtons, myotonic dystrophy

Question 57

Lacunar infarct

Answer 57

Chronic HTN

Question 58

Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms

Answer 58

Assoc w/ ganglionic bleeds

Question 59

Bilateral limbic system lesion

Answer 59

Often due to trauma,  amniestic syndrome