Neuro & Integument

Question 1

What is included in Quick Neuro check?

Answer 1

1. LOC
2. Orientation
3. Communication
4. Motor Response

Question 2

What state is described as may be awake but not fully attentive?

Answer 2

Lethargic

Question 3

What state is described as sleeping all the time, one word answers or mumbling?

Answer 3

Obtunded

Question 4

What state is described as spontaneously unconscious, vocalization limited to groan or mumble?

Answer 4

Stupor

Question 5

What state is described as reflexive movement only but no deliberate or purposeful movement?

Answer 5

Coma

Question 6

Arrector pili

Answer 6

muscle around hair follicle that contract to create goosebumps

Question 7

Vellus hair

Answer 7

fine, faint hair that covers most of the body

Question 8

Terminal hair

Answer 8

darker and thicker hair on scalp, eyebrows, axillae, pubic area

Question 9

Sebaceous gland

Answer 9

produces sebum - a protective liquid substance used to lubricate skin and hair and prevents water loss

Question 10

Eccrine glands

Answer 10

sweat gland, saline solution - sweat

Question 11

Aprocrine gland

Answer 11

produces thick, milky secretion and open into hair follicles

causes body odor

Question 12

What are some functions of the skin?

Answer 12

1. protection
2. prevention of penetration
3. perception (sensory function)
4. temperature regulation
5. identification
6. communication (blushing, pale)
7. wound repair
8. absorption and excretion of metabolic waste
9. production of vit D

Question 13

Lanugo

Answer 13

fine hairs that cover infants at birth

Question 14

Vernix

Answer 14

white, lipidy substance made of sebum and epithelial cells, protects skin in utero

Question 15

Milia

Answer 15

tiny bumps seen in newborns

Question 16

Linea nigra

Answer 16

dark brown line down the abdomen in pregnant people, caused by hormones

Question 17

Cholasma

Answer 17

hyperpigmentation on face - common in pregnant persons

Question 18

Striae gravidarum

Answer 18

stretch marks

Question 19

How does skin change with old age?

Answer 19

• decreased elasticity
• dry, winkles
• decreased subcutaneous fat and muscle tone
• decrease melanoctyes (causing white hairs)
• hair distribution changes

Question 20

Edema - mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling

Answer 20

1+

Question 21

Edema - moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly

Answer 21

2+

Question 22

Edema - deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time, limb looks swollen

Answer 22

3+

Question 23

Edema - very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time

Answer 23

4+

Question 24

ABCDE of pigmented lesions

Answer 24

Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Colour variation
Diameter greater than 6 mm
Elevation and evolution

Question 25

Annular

Answer 25

circular (ringworm)

Question 26

confluent

Answer 26

growing into one another, merge together

Question 27

discrete

Answer 27

on it's own (acne)

Question 28

grouped

Answer 28

clustered but not growing into each other

Question 29

gyrate

Answer 29

twisted, coiled, snake-like | parasitic skin infection

Question 30

target

Answer 30

ring with target centre (lyme disease)

Question 31

linear

Answer 31

in a line, a stratch

Question 32

polycyclic

Answer 32

annular region that begin to grow together (psoriasis)

Question 33

zosteriform

Answer 33

linear arrangement along a nerve route

Question 34

macule

Answer 34

solely colour change, flat, less than 1 cm

Question 35

patch

Answer 35

macules greater than 1 cm

Question 36

papule

Answer 36

elevated, thickening epidermis, less than 1 cm (mole)

Question 37

plaque

Answer 37

papules that coalesce to form surface elevation, greater than 1 cm (psoriasis)

Question 38

nodule

Answer 38

solid, elevated, into the dermis, less than 1cm

Question 39

tumour

Answer 39

extends into dermis, greater than 1 cm

Question 40

wheal

Answer 40

raised, transient, irregular shaped because of edema (mosquito bite)

Question 41

urticaria

Answer 41

wheals that come together, pruritic (hives)

Question 42

vesicle

Answer 42

blister elevated cavity containing fluid, up to 1 cm (shingles)

Question 43

bulla

Answer 43

single-chambered, epidermis, greater than 1 cm (burn, blister)

Question 44

cyst

Answer 44

encapsulated fluid filled cavity in dermis

Question 45

pustule

Answer 45

cavity filled with pus, elevated (acne)

Question 46

crust

Answer 46

thickened, dried out exudate

Question 47

scale

Answer 47

desiccated (dried out) flakes of skin

Question 48

fissure

Answer 48

any crack in skin

Question 49

erosion

Answer 49

shallow depression, epidermis lost

Question 50

ulcer

Answer 50

deep depression into dermis, irregular shape, leaves scar

Question 51

excoriation

Answer 51

self inflicted abrasion

Question 52

scar

Answer 52

connective tissue replacing normal tissue after repair

Question 53

atrophic scar

Answer 53

depression of skin due to loss of tissue (striae)

Question 54

lichenification

Answer 54

thickening of skin, packed sets of papules

Question 55

keloid

Answer 55

hypertrophic scar, excess scar tissue

Question 56

hemangioma

Answer 56

large, flat patch, reddish or bluish | caused by a benign increase in blood vessels in dermis

Question 57

port-wine stain

Answer 57

usually covering scalp or face, formed from mature capillaries

Question 58

strawberry mark

Answer 58

raised, bright red area about 2-3 cm

Question 59

cavernous hemangioma

Answer 59

reddish blue, irregularly shaped, spongy mass of vessels

Question 60

telangiectases

Answer 60

appearance of blood vessels on skin surface, vascular dilatation

Question 61

spider or star angioma

Answer 61

red, star-shaped marking with solid circular centre

Question 62

venous lake

Answer 62

blue-purple dilatation of venules and capillaries

Question 63

purpuric petechiae

Answer 63

tiny punctate hemorrhages, 1-3mm, round and discrete

Question 64

purpura

Answer 64

extensive patch of confluent petechiae, greater than 3mm, | blood leak from capillaries