Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Diagnosis > neuro nml > Flashcards

neuro nml Flashcards

1
Q

which lobe is responsible for behavior, judgment, motor planning, and some language

A

frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which lobe is responsible for sensory processing

A

parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which lobe is responsible for auditory processing, memory, some language (werknicke’s area)

A

temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which lobe is responsible for visual processing, visuospatial processing

A

occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which lobe is responsible for relaying visual, auditory, and sensation but not motor pathways

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which structures are part of the brainstem

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which structure’s function is coordination of voluntary movements, balance, and equilibrium

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does the spinal cord end

A

T12-L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

injury to the spinal cord above what level is not compatible with life

A

above C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

diseases of the spinal cord are called

A

myelopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

transmission of motor information form CNS are done via what 3 structures

A
  1. corticospinal tracts
  2. extrapyramidal tracts
  3. cerebellar tracts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

transmission of sensory information to the CNS are done via

A
  1. spinothalamic tracts
  2. posterior columns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

corticospinal tract is responsible for what type of movement

A

voluntary motor movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

spinothalamic tracts carry what information

A

light touch, pain, temperature, and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

posterior columns carry what information

A
  • vibration
  • proprioception
  • discriminative touch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what conditions are characterized by increased tone (spasticity), “stiff man” gait, elevated reflexes, proprioceptive changes, and positive romberg sign

A

myelopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the principle component of the neuromuscular junction exam

A

checking for strength of certain muscles and for fatigability

*diseases affecting the NMJ are characterized by proximal weakness and fatigability that is improved with rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

components of peripheral neuropathy exam

A
  1. light touch
  2. pin prick
  3. vibration
  4. proprioception
  5. muscle strength
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the lumbosacral plexus consists of what nerve roots

A

L3-S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are plexopathies

A

characterized by

  • loss of reflexes
  • widely distributed weakness
  • multifocal numbness with or without pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are most plexopathies caused by

A
  • compression
  • infiltration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

diseases of the nerve root are called

A

radiculopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the cervical roots C5-8 innervate what

A

upper extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which nerve roots are responsible for biceps reflexes

A
  • C5
  • C6
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

which nerve roots are responsible for triceps reflex

A
  • C7
  • C8
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which nerve roots are responsible for patellar reflex

A
  • L3
  • L4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

which nerve roots are responsible for achilles reflex

A
  • S1
  • S2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

components of brief mental status examination

A

“JOMAC”

  1. Judgement
  2. Orientation
  3. Memory
  4. Affect
  5. Cognition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Optic nerve examination

A
  1. visual acuity
  2. visual fields: assess 4 fields of gaze (superior, inferior, lateral, medial)
  3. funduscopic exam
30
Q

oculomotor nerve examination

A
  1. pupillary responses: direct and consensual
  2. eyelid elevation: ptosis
  3. EOMS
    1. CN III: inferior oblique, superior/inferior/medial rectus
    2. CN IV: superior oblique
    3. CN VI: lateral rectus
31
Q

trigeminal nerve examination

A
  1. facial sensation
    1. 3 divisions: light touch
  2. corneal reflexes
    1. CN V: afferent limb
    2. CN VII: efferent limb
  3. muscles of mastication
    1. temporalis and masseter
32
Q

facial nerve examination

A
  1. muscles of facial expression
  2. taste
33
Q

Vestibulocochlear examination

A
  1. gross hearing
  2. weber and rinne test
    1. sensineural vs conductive hearing loss
34
Q

glosspharyngeal and vagus nerve examination

A
  1. palate elevation: check for symmetry
  2. gag reflex
35
Q

spinal accessory nerve examination

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • trapeizius
36
Q

hypoglossal nerve examination

A
  • assess for tongue in midline
  • tongue movement side to side
37
Q

pronator drift: function and technique

A
  • detect a subtle contralateral upper motor neuron lesion (weakness secondary to CVA)
  1. stand with arms extended outward and palms up for 20-30 seconds with eyes closed
    1. watch for pronation of arm and drift downward
38
Q

Romberg test: function

A
  • tests position sense (dorsal column and in some measure sensation in the feet)
39
Q

Romberg test: technique

A
  1. pt stands with feet together with eyes open and then closed for 20-30 seconds
  2. loss of balance = positive test

**check Romberg before gait testing to avoid a fall

40
Q

what dermatome contains the thumb

A

C6

41
Q

what dermatome contains the middle fingers

A

C7

42
Q

what dermatome contains the fifth digit

A

C8

43
Q

what dermatome contains the nipple line

A

T4

44
Q

what dermatome contains the umbilicus

A

T10

45
Q

what dermatome contains the anterior thigh

A

L3

46
Q

what dermatome contains the anterior shin

A

L4

47
Q

what dermatome contains the top of foot

A

L5

48
Q

what dermatome contains the bottom of foot

A

S1

49
Q

technique for vibration, primary sensory testing

A
  • place tuning fork on bony prominence and as what is felt and when it stops
50
Q

technique for proprioception, primary sensory testing

A
  1. hold sides of digit
  2. assess by moving thumb up and down and ask direction
  3. repeat with great toe
51
Q

technique for two point discrimination, cortical sensory

A
  1. move two pins closer together until patient can only appreciate one point
  • normals
    • fingertips: 2 mm
    • toes: 3-8 mm
    • palms: 8-12 mm
    • back: 40-60 mm
52
Q

technique for graphesthesia, cortical sensory

A
  1. draw a number (0-9 oriented to patient) on palm and dorsum of foot, ask patient to identify
53
Q

technique for stereognosis, cortical sensory

A
  1. ask patient to identify common object placed in hand
54
Q

technique for tactile localization (extinction or “double simultaneous stimulation”), cortical sensory

A
  1. simultaneously touch two seperate sites on opposite sides of the body and ask what was felt
55
Q

“reflex dance”

A
  • 1,2 ..achilles reflex (S1, S2)
  • 3, 4 … patellar reflex (L3, 4)
  • 5, 6.. biceps reflex (C5, 6)
  • 7, 8… triceps reflex (C7, 8)
56
Q

scale used to rate reflex responses

A
  • 0-4
    • 0: no response
    • +1: dimininished
    • +2: normal
    • +3: increased
    • +4: hyperactive, associated with clonus
57
Q

clonus

A
  • consistent with upper motor neuron disease
  • rhythmic oscillations between plantar and dorsiflexion
58
Q

what is the biceps reflex

A
  • tap biceps tendon to elicit forearm flexion
59
Q

brachioradialis relfex exam

A
  • C5,6
    1. tap tendon/radius about 1-2 inches above the wrist to elicit forearm flexion and supination
60
Q

triceps reflex exam

A
  • C7-C8
    1. tap triceps tendon to elicit forearm extension
61
Q

patellar reflex exam

A
  • L3-L4
    1. tap patellar tendon to elicit knee extension
62
Q

achilles reflex exam

A
  • S1-S2
    1. tap achilles to elicit plantar flexion
63
Q

babinski reflex

A
  1. stroke the lateral aspect of the plantar aspect of the foot upwards then across the ball of the foot
    * abnormal response: dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of the other toes
64
Q

cerebellar examination: finger to nose

A
  1. alternately touch examiner’s finger, then thier own nose

**best for picking up dysmetria

  1. plan b: arms at sides, alternately touch nose with one finger
65
Q

cerebellar examination: heel to shin

A
  1. lying down
  2. slide heel of one foot down shin of other leg slowly and smoothly
  3. repeat one more time
  4. switch legs
66
Q

cerebellar examination: rapid alternating movements

A
  • look for speed and coordination while assessing
  1. rapid pronation and supination of forearms
  2. touching fingertips to thumb
  3. tapping the feet
67
Q

what is dysdiadochokinesia

A

inability to do rapid alternating movements

  1. slow, but regular: cerebral dysfunction
  2. fast but irregular: cerebellar dysfunction
68
Q

cerebellar examination: gait

A
  1. heel walk: also checks L5
  2. toe walk: also checks S1
  3. heel-to-toe (slight swaying is normal)
69
Q

kernig’s sign: function and technique

A
  • assess meningeal irritation
  1. patient supine
  2. flex hip and knee
  3. then attempt to straighten the leg
    1. +LBP: positive sign
70
Q

Brudzinski’s sign: function and technique

A
  1. patient supine
  2. place hands behind patient’s neck and attempt to flex the neck toward the chest
  3. involuntary flexion of hips and knees is (+) sign suggesting meningeal irritation
71
Q

what neurological tests do you do when the patient is standing

A
  • Romberg
  • gait
  • stand on one foot and hop; switch
  • finger to nose
  • RAMs
72
Q

what neurological tests do you do when the patient is sitting

A
  • ophthalmic exam
  • cranial nerve exam
  • DTR of UE
  • Motor exam of UE and LE
  • DTR of LE
  • vibration at ankles
  • graphesthesia
  • temperature (warm/cold)

Physical Diagnosis (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions