skin Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 morphologic characteristics of skin lesions?
A
- distribution - Shape - Border - Pigmentation
2
Q
A skin lesion can be distributed in what 3 fashions?
A
- localized: one small area
- regional: speficic region of body
- generalized/disseminated: widely distributed
3
Q
what are annular lesions? Give an example of an infection that produces this type of lesion
A
round; active margins with central clearing
- ex: tinea corporis
4
Q
What is a zosteriform lesion (describes it’s shape)? Give an example of a disease that produces this type of lesion
A
- dermatomal- following a nerve segment
- ex: herpes zoster
5
Q
Describe iris/target lesions. Give an example of a disease that has this type of lesion associated with it
A
- pink macules with purple central papules
ex: erythema multiforme
6
Q
Describe a serpiginous lesion
A
having a wavy margin
- Ex: hookworm larvae
7
Q
Describe a morbilliform lesion.
A
- measels-like
- erythematous maculopapular lesions that become confluent on the face and body
- *primarily seen with drug eruption
8
Q
What is the difference between a distinct and indistinct lesion
A
- distinct: well-demarcated or defined; able to draw a line around the area with confidence
- indistinct: poorly defined; borders merge with normal skin
9
Q
Describe an active lesion
A
margin of lesion shows greater activity than the center
10
Q
Describe an irregular lesion
A
notched margins; not smooth
ex: malignant melanoma
11
Q
Describe a lesion that has raised borders
A
center of lesion is depressed compared to the edge
- ex: basal cell carcinoma
12
Q
What are the ABCDs of malignant melanoma
A
- A: asymmetry
- B: borders (irregular)
- C: color (variegatd)
- D: diameter > 6 mm
- E: elevation
13
Q
What do secondary skin lesions arise from
A
- arise from changes in primary lesions
- usually due to scratching and or infection
14
Q
What two types of primary skin lesions have the characteristics of circumscribed, flat, and non-palpable?
A
- macule
- patch
15
Q
What three primary skin lesions are characterized by superficial elevations by free fluid
A
- vesicle
- bulla
- pustule
16
Q
what 5 primary skin lesions are characterized by palpable, elevated solid masses
A
- papule
- plaque
- nodule
- tumor
- wheal
17
Q
in order for a lesion to be considered a macule, what are its characteristics
A
- flat, non-palpable
- < 1 cm in diameter
18
Q
measels, freckles, and petechiae are what kind of skin lesion
A
macule
19
Q
what are the characteristics of a patch
A
- flat, non-palpable
- > 1 cm in diameter
20
Q
identify and give skin lesion classification
A
mongolian spots
- patch
21
Q
identify and give skin lesion classification
A
cafe au lait spots
- patch
22
Q
identify and give skin lesion classification
A
port wine stain
- patch
23
Q
identify and give skin lesion classification
A
vitiligo
- patch
24
Q
give characteristics of a papule
A
- up to 1 cm
- palpable, firm
- may be confluent and form plaques
25
warts and nevi are what type of skin lesion
papule
26
name this skin lesion that results from a viral infection and give its skin lesion classification
molluscum contagiosum
* papule
27
Give the characteristics of a plaque
* elevated, firm, rough
* \> 1 cm
28
psoriasis and eczema are examples of what primary skin lesion
plaque
29
give the characteristics of a nodule
* \> 0.5 cm
* deeper and firmer than a papule
* usually round
30
lipomas, and skin cancers (malignant melanoma, basal cells or squamous cell carcinoma) are examples of what type of primary skin lesion
nodule
31
Give the characteristics of a tumor
* a large nodule
* deeper in dermis
* \> **2** cm
32
identify this skin lesion caused by dilation of dermal capillaries and give primary skin lesion classification
* hemangioma
* tumor
33
give the characteristics of a wheal
* irregular, transient, superficial edema
34
mosquito bites, hives, and allergic reacion are examples of what type of primary skin lesion
wheal
35
give the characteristics of a vesicle
* up to 1 cm
* well-circumscribed
* filled with serous fluid
36
identify and give the primary skin lesion
herpes simplex
* vesicle
37
Give the characteristics of a bulla
* greater than 1.0 cm
* filled with serous fluid
38
second degree burns and blisters are an example of what type of primary skin lesion
bulla
39
Give the characteristics of a pustule
* elevated, superficial, well circumscribed
* epidermal
* filled with pus
40
acne and fire ant bites are examples of what type of primary skin lesion
pustule
41
identify and give primary skin lesion classification
impetigo
* pustule
42
Name the 3 types of secondary skin lesions that result from a loss of skin surface
* erosion
* ulcer
* fissure
43
Give the characteristics of the secondary skin lesion: erosion
* loss of superficial epidermis
* surface is moist but doesn't bleed
44
a ruptured varicella vesicle is an example of what type of secondary skin lesion
erosion
45
give the characteristics of an ulcer
* deeper loss of epidermis and dermis
* heals with scarring
46
identify this skin lesion caused by venous insufficiency
stasis ulcer
47
give characteristics of fissure
linear crack, or break, from the epidermis to the dermis
48
identify and give skin lesion classification
* tinea pedis (althletes foot)
* fissure
49
identify this skin lesion and give its classification
angular cheilitis
* fissure
50
dried residue of serum, pus, or blood gives rise to what secondary skin lesion
crust
51
identify and give secondary skin lesion classification
tinea capitis: fungal infection of scalp
* crust
52
identify this abscess caused by fungal infection
kerion
53
a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis describes what type of secondary skin lesion? Give examples
scale
* dandruff; psoriasis
54
identify this type of scale secondary skin lesion
seborrheic dermatitis
55
define lichenification
* thickening and roughening of the skin
* increased visibility of skin markings
* ex: atopic and chronic dermatitis
56
topical steroid use can cause what secondary skin lesion
atrophy: thinning of skin with loss of normal skin markings
57
give the characteristics of petechiae
* deep red/purple-red lesions **\<0.5 cm**
* non-blanchable
* represent blood outside of vessel
58
give the characteristics of purpura
* deep red/purpe-red lesions **\>0.5 cm**
* **larger than petechiae**
59
give characteristics of ecchymosis
* bruise
* purple lesions of variable size
* fade to green, yellow, brown
* represents blood outside of vessels due to trauma or bleeding disorder
60
give characteristics of spider angiomas
* fiery red lesions **up to 2 cm**
* central body with surrounding erythema and radiating legs
* blanch with pressure
* seen on face, neck, arms and upper trunk
61
spider angiomas are commonly seen with what conditions
liver disease and pregnancy
62
give characteristics of cherry angiomas
* bright red papules **1-3 mm in size**
* flat or raised
* dont blanch
* associated with aging
63
define telangectasias
* fine, irregular red lines secondary to dilation of capillaries
* blanch
* seen with sun damaged skin, rosacea, and basal cell carcinomas
64
papules, plaques, and scales are part of what category of skin disease
papulosquamous
65
identify and describe this skin lesion using the five p's
lichen planus
* pruritic
* polygonal
* purple
* planar
* papule
66
give examples of benign nodule lesions
benign epidermal and dermal nodules
ex: nevi; cherry angioma
67
squamous cell carcinoma is an example of what category of skin diseases
malignant nodular lesion
68
identify and describe
* basal cell carcinoma
* "pearly" nodule in sun exposed area
* associated with central ulceration and telangiectasis
* malignant nodular lesion
69
impetigo, herpes, and pemphigus fall under what skin lesion catagory
vesiculobullous lesion
70
name this autoimmune disease in which vesicles and bullae form on the skin and can rupture
pemphigus
71
drug eruption(pictured) and viral exanthems are an example of what classification of skin lesion
maculopapular lesion
72
identify this condition in which the nails are rounded and feel spongy. Name some causes
clubbing
* chronic hypoxia
* congenital heart disease
* lung CA
73
transverse depressions on nails secondary to trauma or acute or severe illness are called
beau's lines
\* lines grow out with nail
74
frequent immersion in water can cause nails that have acute or chronic inflammation of the proximal and lateral nail folds. name this condition
Paronychia
75
what is the medical term for ingrown toenail
onychocryptosis
76
aging as well as chronic disease (DM, heart failure) can cause nails that appear mostly white with a distal band of reddish brown. Name this
Terry's nails
77
trauma or repeat manicuring of nails can cause areas of white discoloration on the nail. Name this condition
Leukonychia
78
iron defiency anemia can cause the nails to appear spooned. Name this condition
Koilonychia
79
trauma to long finger nails, psoriasis, or contact dermatitis can cause a painless seperation of the nail plate from the nail bed. Name this condition
onycholysis
80
occlusive footwear, dissemination of fungal infection and locker room exposure can cause a fungal infection of the nail bed, plate, or matrix. Name this condition
onychomycosis
81
psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and alopecia areata can cause this condition
nail pitting
