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Physical Diagnosis > skin > Flashcards

skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 morphologic characteristics of skin lesions?

A
  • distribution - Shape - Border - Pigmentation
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2
Q

A skin lesion can be distributed in what 3 fashions?

A
  • localized: one small area
  • regional: speficic region of body
  • generalized/disseminated: widely distributed
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3
Q

what are annular lesions? Give an example of an infection that produces this type of lesion

A

round; active margins with central clearing

  • ex: tinea corporis
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4
Q

What is a zosteriform lesion (describes it’s shape)? Give an example of a disease that produces this type of lesion

A
  • dermatomal- following a nerve segment
  • ex: herpes zoster
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5
Q

Describe iris/target lesions. Give an example of a disease that has this type of lesion associated with it

A
  • pink macules with purple central papules
    ex: erythema multiforme
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6
Q

Describe a serpiginous lesion

A

having a wavy margin

  • Ex: hookworm larvae
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7
Q

Describe a morbilliform lesion.

A
  • measels-like
  • erythematous maculopapular lesions that become confluent on the face and body
  • *primarily seen with drug eruption
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8
Q

What is the difference between a distinct and indistinct lesion

A
  • distinct: well-demarcated or defined; able to draw a line around the area with confidence
  • indistinct: poorly defined; borders merge with normal skin
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9
Q

Describe an active lesion

A

margin of lesion shows greater activity than the center

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10
Q

Describe an irregular lesion

A

notched margins; not smooth

ex: malignant melanoma

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11
Q

Describe a lesion that has raised borders

A

center of lesion is depressed compared to the edge

  • ex: basal cell carcinoma
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12
Q

What are the ABCDs of malignant melanoma

A
  • A: asymmetry
  • B: borders (irregular)
  • C: color (variegatd)
  • D: diameter > 6 mm
  • E: elevation
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13
Q

What do secondary skin lesions arise from

A
  • arise from changes in primary lesions
  • usually due to scratching and or infection
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14
Q

What two types of primary skin lesions have the characteristics of circumscribed, flat, and non-palpable?

A
  • macule
  • patch
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15
Q

What three primary skin lesions are characterized by superficial elevations by free fluid

A
  • vesicle
  • bulla
  • pustule
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16
Q

what 5 primary skin lesions are characterized by palpable, elevated solid masses

A
  • papule
  • plaque
  • nodule
  • tumor
  • wheal
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17
Q

in order for a lesion to be considered a macule, what are its characteristics

A
  • flat, non-palpable
  • < 1 cm in diameter
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18
Q

measels, freckles, and petechiae are what kind of skin lesion

A

macule

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19
Q

what are the characteristics of a patch

A
  • flat, non-palpable
  • > 1 cm in diameter
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20
Q

identify and give skin lesion classification

A

mongolian spots

  • patch
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21
Q

identify and give skin lesion classification

A

cafe au lait spots

  • patch
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22
Q

identify and give skin lesion classification

A

port wine stain

  • patch
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23
Q

identify and give skin lesion classification

A

vitiligo

  • patch
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24
Q

give characteristics of a papule

A
  • up to 1 cm
  • palpable, firm
  • may be confluent and form plaques
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25
Q

warts and nevi are what type of skin lesion

A

papule

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26
Q

name this skin lesion that results from a viral infection and give its skin lesion classification

A

molluscum contagiosum

  • papule
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27
Q

Give the characteristics of a plaque

A
  • elevated, firm, rough
  • > 1 cm
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28
Q

psoriasis and eczema are examples of what primary skin lesion

A

plaque

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29
Q

give the characteristics of a nodule

A
  • > 0.5 cm
  • deeper and firmer than a papule
  • usually round
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30
Q

lipomas, and skin cancers (malignant melanoma, basal cells or squamous cell carcinoma) are examples of what type of primary skin lesion

A

nodule

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31
Q

Give the characteristics of a tumor

A
  • a large nodule
  • deeper in dermis
  • > 2 cm
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32
Q

identify this skin lesion caused by dilation of dermal capillaries and give primary skin lesion classification

A
  • hemangioma
  • tumor
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33
Q

give the characteristics of a wheal

A
  • irregular, transient, superficial edema
34
Q

mosquito bites, hives, and allergic reacion are examples of what type of primary skin lesion

A

wheal

35
Q

give the characteristics of a vesicle

A
  • up to 1 cm
  • well-circumscribed
  • filled with serous fluid
36
Q

identify and give the primary skin lesion

A

herpes simplex

  • vesicle
37
Q

Give the characteristics of a bulla

A
  • greater than 1.0 cm
  • filled with serous fluid
38
Q

second degree burns and blisters are an example of what type of primary skin lesion

A

bulla

39
Q

Give the characteristics of a pustule

A
  • elevated, superficial, well circumscribed
  • epidermal
  • filled with pus
40
Q

acne and fire ant bites are examples of what type of primary skin lesion

A

pustule

41
Q

identify and give primary skin lesion classification

A

impetigo

  • pustule
42
Q

Name the 3 types of secondary skin lesions that result from a loss of skin surface

A
  • erosion
  • ulcer
  • fissure
43
Q

Give the characteristics of the secondary skin lesion: erosion

A
  • loss of superficial epidermis
  • surface is moist but doesn’t bleed
44
Q

a ruptured varicella vesicle is an example of what type of secondary skin lesion

A

erosion

45
Q

give the characteristics of an ulcer

A
  • deeper loss of epidermis and dermis
  • heals with scarring
46
Q

identify this skin lesion caused by venous insufficiency

A

stasis ulcer

47
Q

give characteristics of fissure

A

linear crack, or break, from the epidermis to the dermis

48
Q

identify and give skin lesion classification

A
  • tinea pedis (althletes foot)
  • fissure
49
Q

identify this skin lesion and give its classification

A

angular cheilitis

  • fissure
50
Q

dried residue of serum, pus, or blood gives rise to what secondary skin lesion

A

crust

51
Q

identify and give secondary skin lesion classification

A

tinea capitis: fungal infection of scalp

  • crust
52
Q

identify this abscess caused by fungal infection

A

kerion

53
Q

a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis describes what type of secondary skin lesion? Give examples

A

scale

  • dandruff; psoriasis
54
Q

identify this type of scale secondary skin lesion

A

seborrheic dermatitis

55
Q

define lichenification

A
  • thickening and roughening of the skin
  • increased visibility of skin markings
  • ex: atopic and chronic dermatitis
56
Q

topical steroid use can cause what secondary skin lesion

A

atrophy: thinning of skin with loss of normal skin markings

57
Q

give the characteristics of petechiae

A
  • deep red/purple-red lesions <0.5 cm
  • non-blanchable
  • represent blood outside of vessel
58
Q

give the characteristics of purpura

A
  • deep red/purpe-red lesions >0.5 cm
  • larger than petechiae
59
Q

give characteristics of ecchymosis

A
  • bruise
  • purple lesions of variable size
  • fade to green, yellow, brown
  • represents blood outside of vessels due to trauma or bleeding disorder
60
Q

give characteristics of spider angiomas

A
  • fiery red lesions up to 2 cm
  • central body with surrounding erythema and radiating legs
  • blanch with pressure
  • seen on face, neck, arms and upper trunk
61
Q

spider angiomas are commonly seen with what conditions

A

liver disease and pregnancy

62
Q

give characteristics of cherry angiomas

A
  • bright red papules 1-3 mm in size
  • flat or raised
  • dont blanch
  • associated with aging
63
Q

define telangectasias

A
  • fine, irregular red lines secondary to dilation of capillaries
  • blanch
  • seen with sun damaged skin, rosacea, and basal cell carcinomas
64
Q

papules, plaques, and scales are part of what category of skin disease

A

papulosquamous

65
Q

identify and describe this skin lesion using the five p’s

A

lichen planus

  • pruritic
  • polygonal
  • purple
  • planar
  • papule
66
Q

give examples of benign nodule lesions

A

benign epidermal and dermal nodules

ex: nevi; cherry angioma

67
Q

squamous cell carcinoma is an example of what category of skin diseases

A

malignant nodular lesion

68
Q

identify and describe

A
  • basal cell carcinoma
  • “pearly” nodule in sun exposed area
  • associated with central ulceration and telangiectasis
  • malignant nodular lesion
69
Q

impetigo, herpes, and pemphigus fall under what skin lesion catagory

A

vesiculobullous lesion

70
Q

name this autoimmune disease in which vesicles and bullae form on the skin and can rupture

A

pemphigus

71
Q

drug eruption(pictured) and viral exanthems are an example of what classification of skin lesion

A

maculopapular lesion

72
Q

identify this condition in which the nails are rounded and feel spongy. Name some causes

A

clubbing

  • chronic hypoxia
  • congenital heart disease
  • lung CA
73
Q

transverse depressions on nails secondary to trauma or acute or severe illness are called

A

beau’s lines

* lines grow out with nail

74
Q

frequent immersion in water can cause nails that have acute or chronic inflammation of the proximal and lateral nail folds. name this condition

A

Paronychia

75
Q

what is the medical term for ingrown toenail

A

onychocryptosis

76
Q

aging as well as chronic disease (DM, heart failure) can cause nails that appear mostly white with a distal band of reddish brown. Name this

A

Terry’s nails

77
Q

trauma or repeat manicuring of nails can cause areas of white discoloration on the nail. Name this condition

A

Leukonychia

78
Q

iron defiency anemia can cause the nails to appear spooned. Name this condition

A

Koilonychia

79
Q

trauma to long finger nails, psoriasis, or contact dermatitis can cause a painless seperation of the nail plate from the nail bed. Name this condition

A

onycholysis

80
Q

occlusive footwear, dissemination of fungal infection and locker room exposure can cause a fungal infection of the nail bed, plate, or matrix. Name this condition

A

onychomycosis

81
Q

psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and alopecia areata can cause this condition

A

nail pitting

Physical Diagnosis (16 decks)

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