Neuro Pharm Flashcards
(18 cards)
Treatment for ADHD in kids
-Psychostimulants = methylphenidate or amphetamines
-SEs = decreased appetite, weight loss, insomnia (need to monitor growth curves in kids)
Antiseizure => Benzodiazepines & Phenobarbital (barbs) MOA
-Increases GABA A action leading to increase in chloride current = inhibitory
Antiseizure => Levetiracetam MOA
-Inhibits vesicle fusion by binding SV2A proteins (modulating GABA & glutamate release)
Antiseizure => Valproic Acid or Valproate MOA
-Blocks Na channels & blocks GABA transaminase (increasing GABA concentration)
-Valproate = Broad spec seizure med, 2nd line for absence seizures
Antiseizure => Ethosuximide MOA
-Blocks thalamic T-type Ca channels
-Absence seizures (1st line)
Antiseizure => Phenytoin & Carbamazepine MOA
-Blocks Na channels
Antiseizure => Gabapentin MOA
-Blocks Ca channels
Stimulant drugs (for ADHD) MOA
-Methylphenidate & amphetamines
-Block norepinephrine & dopamine reuptake at synapses in the prefrontal cortex
-Amphetamines also increase release of these NTs from presynaptic storage vesicles & inhibit monoamine oxidate (MAO)
Management of Parkinson’s
-L-dopa = dopamine precursor that can cross BBB
-Taken up by nigrostriatal neurons & converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase in the brain
-Excessive peripheral dopamine = nausea/vomiting, arrhythmia, postural hypotension
-Pairing with Carbidopa can prevent peripheral conversion & keep effect central + decreases some SEs
-Carbidopa does not prevent anxiety & agitation SEs
What is the MOA of Phenelzine?
-Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (types A & B)
-Preventing breakdown of monoamines (serotonin, norepi, & dopamine) so there is increased release into the synaptic cleft
-Irreversible inhibition = at least 2 weeks for enzyme level to return to normal
-SEs = serotonin toxicity
What is the MOA of Sertraline?
-SSRI
-SEs = serotonin toxicity
Treatment of psychomotor agitation associated with EtOH withdraw?
-1st line = Benzos
-Lorazepam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide
-MOA = enhancing GABA inhibitory (depressed) action
Effect/ MOA of EtOH, Benzos, & Barbs
-Binding GABA & enhancing inhibitory/ depressive action
MOA of Baclofen
-GABA b agonist
-Used for treatment in spastic conditions (MS, cerebral palsy, etc.)
Use of Carbamazepine
-Trigeminal neuralgia
Treatment for major depressive disorder with psychotic features
-Antidepressant + Antipsychotic
-Electro-convulsant Therapy (ECT) = more rapid response then meds
Treatment of specific phobias
-1st line = CBT with exposure (relying on habituation & extinction to the stimulus)
-Short-acting benzo for acute exposure to phobia
Clozapine use & SEs
(2nd gen anti-psychotic)
-Treatment resistant schizophrenia
-Schizophrenia associated with suicidality
-SEs:
-Agranulocytosis (checking absolute neutrophil count)
-Seizures
-Myocarditis
-Metabolic syndrome
