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Mccqe1 Red Star Questions > Neuro Qs > Flashcards

Neuro Qs Flashcards

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1
Q

Steppage gait is caused by:

A

L5 radiculopathy

Neuropathy of common peroneal nerve

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2
Q

Peroneal neuropathy Vs sensory neuropathy

A

Peroneal neuropathy: steppage gait
Sensory neuropathy: wide based gait
Also have slap gait

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3
Q

Function of circle of Willis

A

If there is vascular occlusion,it helps maintain blood flow and cerebral pressure by alternate channels

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4
Q

Venous supply of brain

A

Superficial : superficial,middle,inferior
Deep: great cerebral v,basal v

Connect to dural venous sinus

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5
Q

Feature of lacunar infarct

A

U/L motor impairment only

Mainly in the posterior limb of internal capsule

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6
Q

Headache plus pain b/l face and eyes + unable to move the orbit s/o

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

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7
Q

Risk factors of epidural abscess (5)

A 
Iv drug use
Alcohol
Dm
Immunosuppressions 
Invasive procedure-removal of epidural catheter
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8
Q

Median medullary syndrome is due to…..

A

Injury to paramedian branches of ASA

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9
Q

C/f of medial medullary syndrome (3)

A

C/l hemiparesis
Loss of propriception
I/L cn 12 palsy

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10
Q

C/f of median midbrain syndrome

A

Aka weber syndrome
I/L CN 3 palsy
Lateral gaze weakness

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11
Q

M.c injured nerve by compression of posterior fossa tumor is

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)

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12
Q

C/f of CN9 lesion (4)

A
  1. Loss of gag reflex
  2. Loss of pharyngeal sensation
  3. Loss of taste and sensation to posterior 1/3 of the tongue
  4. Dysfunction of carotid sinus reflex-> increased risk of syncope
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13
Q

Nerve affected by lesion in medulla

A

CN 11- accessory nerve

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14
Q

Artery affected by lesion in medulla

A

PICA

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15
Q

C/f of CN11 palsy

A

I/L SCM and trapezius muscle injury

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16
Q

Previously healthy kid now having muscle weakness u/l and problem with swallowing s/o

A

Myotonic dystrophy

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17
Q

DNA repeats seen in myotonic dystrophy is ….

A

CTG repeats in DMPK gene

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18
Q

Myotonic muscular dystrophy is aka

A

Steinert disease

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19
Q

EBV DNA in CNS S/o

A

Primary CNS lymphoma

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20
Q

Lesions of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy are…..

A

Non-enhancing

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21
Q

Lesion of primary CNS LYMPHOMA are….

A

Weakly ring enhancing, solitary periventricular mass

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22
Q

C/f of GC induced myopathy

A

No pain or tenderness
Myopathy of LL
ESR,CK normal

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23
Q

ESR and CK in polymyalgia rheumatica

A

ESR: increased
Ck: normal

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24
Q

Esr and CK in statin induced myopathy

A

ESR: normal
Ck: increased

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25
Another condition that behaves like statin induced myopathy
Hypothyroid myopathy
26
Cerebral Ring enhancing lesions seen with ......... conditions
``` MAGIC DR Mets Abscess Glioma Infarction Contusion Demyelinating diseases Radiation necrosis ```
27
Rx for myasthenia gravis
Intubation | Iv Ig+ plasmapheresis + GC
28
Medications causing myasthenic crisis (2)
Azithromycin | Beta blockers
29
Associated feature of Broca’s aphasia
Right hemiparesis (face & U/L)
30
Associated feature of wernicke’s aphasia
Right superior visual field defect
31
Lesions of frontal lobe dominant vs non dominant
Dominant: Broca’s aphasia, c/l hemiparesis of face and u/l Wernicke’s aphasia, right superior visual field defect Conjugate gaze-towards side of lesion Non-dominant: Apraxia
32
Lesions of parietal lobe: dominant vs non-dominant
Dominant: C/l inferior homonymous quadrantanopsia C/l sensory loss: pain,temp,vib,agraphesthesia,asterognosis Non-dominant: Hemineglect
33
Lesion in temporal lobe: dominant vs non-dominant
Dominant: C/l superior homonymous quadrantanopsia Receptive and conductive aphasia Non-dominant: Sensory aprosodia
34
Patient with increased arm:height ratio who is having downward displacement of lens s/o...... Complications.....(2) Genetics of the disease is...
Homocysteinuria Fair skin-thrombosis and megaloblastic anemia Autosomal recessive
35
Marfan’s syndrome genetics is ... Complications
Autosomal dominant Aortic root dilation
36
Features of fabry’s disease (4)
Alpha galactosemia Renal,heart failure Angiokeratoma Peripheral neuropathy Corneal dystrophy
37
C/f of krabbe’s disease
Blind, deaf paralysed idiot with seizures Galactocerebrosidase def
38
Loss of DTR in elderly is s/o....
Paraneoplastic | Eaten lambert syndrome
39
Muscle weakness with esophageal dysmotility s/o
Polymyositis
40
Mallory bodies seen with (2)
Alcoholic liver injury | Wilson’s disease
41
Rx of MS
Acute : GC-if refractory,plasmapheresis | Chronic DMARDS, if no use-IF BETA and glatiramer acetate
42
In metabolic encephalopathy..... is not seen
No FND | but there is bradykinesia,asterixis
43
Presynaptic Ach release is impaired by....
Botulinum toxin
44
Pathophysiology of tetanus
Toxin induced NM blockage
45
C/f of infantile vs foodborne botulism
Infantile: Constipation,drooling,poor gag reflex/suck reflex,ptosis Foodborne: N/V/ab pain
46
When to give iv lorazepam/rectal diazepam in seizure?
If seizure lasts for more than 5mins/ | Recurrent seizures in 24hrs
47
Iv alteplase should not be given for Bp of.....
>185/110mmhg
48
Eye manifestations of optic neuritis (6)
1. Acute-peaks within 2 weeks 2. Mono ocular Vision loss 3. Eye pain with movement 4. “ washed out” color vision 5. Afferent pupillary defect
49
Mgt of GBS
Spirometry to access FVC If FVC<20ml/kg- Intubate Intubate also when respiratory distress Dysautonomia-HR,Bp instability Wide pulse pressure
50
What is FVC and FRC formula?
FVC: IRV+ ERV+TV FRC: ERV+ RV
51
Meds causing angle closure glaucoma (3)
Sympathomimetics Anticholinergics-tolterodine Decongestants
52
“Halos” around lights s/o
Angle closure glaucoma
53
Common sites of hge secondary to HTN
Basal ganglia > cerebellar nuclei > thalamus> putamen> cerebral cortex
54
C/f of cerebellar hge (4)
1. I/L hemiataxia of trunks-vermis I/L hemiataxia of limbs-hemispheres 2. N/V/ nystagmus 3. Occipital headache- radiate to neck and shoulders 4. Neck stiffness-blood in 4th ventricle
55
How to manage backache in CA patients?
Mild: NSAIDS+ acetaminophen Moderate: weak opioids+ nonopioids Codeine,tramadol Severe: strong short acting- morphine,hydroxymorphine Calculate the total dose and give long acting: fentanyl patch, oxycodone + short acting opioid for breakthrough pain
56
Areas affected by vitb12 def
Dorsal column SCT- ataxia CST- spastic paresis
57
Dx test for CRAO
Carotid Doppler of neck
58
Wide based gait with impaired heel shin test
Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
59
Diabetic neuropathy causes degeneration of
Small fibers-pain,temp loss Large fibers-vibration, proprioception Gait is normal
60
Cause of alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
Damage to purkinje fibers in the vermis
61
CN 3 palsy types
Tumor- pupil-mydriasis Dm- pupil- normal
62
Nerve in medial thigh is..... Nerve in anteromedial thigh is...
Obturator nerve Femoral nerve
63
Tumor of the submandibular salivary gland causes injury to....
Hypoglossal nerve
64
Tic douloureux is due to .....
Trigeminal nerve injury
65
How does V3 get damaged?
Very deep dissection of muscles of mastication
66
Strabismus causes injury to.....
CN 3,4,6
67
GBS occurs more commonly with conditions such as....(3)
Lymphoma,sarcoidosis,SLE
68
High plantar arches,scoliosis,progressive weakness s/o.....
Friedrich’s ataxia (GAA)
69
Areas affected in friedrich’s ataxia are.....
Dorsal column-loss of pain,vibration,proprioception SCT- ataxia Lateral CST- spastic weakness
70
Cardiac problem with friedrich’s ataxia is....
Hypertrophic CMP
71
Friedrich’s ataxia is a .....condition with...... in adolescence
Autosomal recessive condition Progressive ataxia
72
Peripheral facial nerve palsy refers to.....
Lesion below pons
73
Dysarthria in Bell’s palsy occurs at.....
Above the pons-central lesion
74
Cranial nerve nuclei in medulla are...
CN 9,10,12
75
CN nuclei of midbrain
CN 3,4,6,12
76
CN nuclei of pons
CN 5,6,7,8
77
Nucleus of CN 11 is in...
Spinal cord
78
Clinical features of PICA syndrome(6)
1. I/L dysphagia,decreased gag reflex,hoarseness—nucleus ambiguous 2. Ataxia,dysmetria,dysdiadokinesia—inferior CP 3. Horner’s syndrome, uncontrolled hiccups—sympathetic fibers 4. Nystagmus+ vertigo+ fall to side of lesion—vestibular nuclei 5. Loss of pain +temp in face—TN nuclei 6. C/L loss of pain+temp in limbs—lateral STT
79
C/f of lateral pontine syndrome (3)
I/L TN#: : #muscles of mastication Decreased jaw jerk reflex Impaired tactile and position sensation over the face.
80
Management of Alzheimer’s disease
Mild-moderate: donepezil,galantamine,rivastigmine Moderate to severe: Memantine
81
Sign when dorsal root is affected....
Romberg sign-impaired proprioception
82
Migraine abortive Rx (5)
NSAIDS, acetaminophen Sumatriptan Ergotamine Antiemetics
83
Preventive treatment for migraine (3)
Topiramate Beta blockers Amitryptilline
84
Define post concussion syndrome? (7)
Headaches,confusion, amnesia,difficulty conc, vertigo,sleep disturbance Anxiety No flashbacks/nightmares of the incident
85
What is dystonic gait?
Involuntary sustained twisting motion of limbs and trunk.
86
C/f of shy dager syndrome (3)
Multisystem atrophy —-Parkinson’s disease —-Autonomic dysfunction ——Cerebellar,pyramidal,LMN signs
87
What is autonomic dysfunction?
Abnormal bladder,bowel control Salivation, lacrimation Postural hypotension
88
C/f of Riley day syndrome (3)
Ashkenazi jews at birth with: 1. decreased feeding, decreased muscle tone 2. Severe orthostatic hypotension 3. No tears

Mccqe1 Red Star Questions (7 decks)

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