Neuro Flashy Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
CSF features of CJD (4)
A
Neuron specific enolase
14-3-3 protein
S100
Tau protein
2
Q
Mri of CJD s/0
A
Signal amplification in:
Basal ganglia
Head of caudate
3
Q
Triad of Ménière’s disease
A
Vertigo
Hearing loss
Tinnitus
4
Q
Symptoms of hyponatremia due to SIADH
A
Loss of appetite
N/V
Seizures
Altered level of consciousness
5
Q
Dx of IIH
A
LP-pressure >20-25
Normal CSF
6
Q
MOA of acetazolamide
A
Decrease CSF production in choroid plexus
7
Q
Mees lines suggest exposure to ….
A
Arsenic
8
Q
Rx for arsenic toxicity
A
Gastric lavage
Activated carbon
Dimercaprol,succimer
9
Q
C/f of lead toxicity (3)
A
Behavioral probs
Gingival hyperpigmentation
microcytic hypochromic anemia
10
Q
S/e of carbamazepine
A
Vertigo
Sedation
Diplopia
11
Q
Polymyositis vs dermatomyositis on bx
A
Polymyositis:
intrafascicular inflammation with T cells
Dermatomyositis:
Parafascicular ,perivascular infiltration with B cells
12
Q
C/f of inclusion body myositis
A
Asymmetric proximal and distal muscle weakness-selective
13
Q
Egs of NMDA antagonists
A
Ketamine
Memantine
14
Q
Define Chiari 2 malformation (4)
A
Myelomeningocele
Caudally displaced tonsils
CSF obstruction
Syrinx of hydrocephalus
15
Q
Facial erythema stretch marks blurry vision and headache s/0…
A
Polycythemia vera
16
Q
Cause of DRESS syndrome
A
Carbamazepine toxicity
Drug reaction with Eosinophilia and systemic signs: fever,mobiliform rash-erythema,LAP.
Acute HSS- 2-8 weeks
17
Q
S/e of phenothiazine
A
Impaired thermoregulation
18
Q
C/f of acute porphyria
A
Ab pain,peripheral neuropathy,psycho
Ppt by drugs, alcohol,purple pee
19
Q
Tumor ass with Sturge weber syndrome
A
Leptomeningeal angioma
20
Q
Disease ass with Romberg sign
A
Neuro syphillis-tabes dorsalis
21
Q
Rx for chronic tension headache
A
Amitryptilline
22
Q
Rx for cryptococcal meningitis
A
AmphoB + flucytosine
23
Q
Rx to prevent attacks of MS
A
IFN B + glatiramer acetate followed by natalizumab
24
Q
C/f of meningococcal meningitis (3)
A
- Non blanching petechial rash
- Signs of DIC, shock
- Adrenal gland failure
25
Prevention of meningococcal meningitis
Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine
26
Complication of mumps meningitis
Pancreatitis
27
Dx test for Lyme disease
ELISA
28
Pathophysiology of Lyme disease
Toxin preventing AcH release at NMJ
29
Rx for Lyme disease
1. Remove tick
2. Doxy-adults, amoxicillin-kids
3. Disseminated- ceftriaxone
30
Contraindications of TCA (2)
Glaucoma
| LBBB
31
Rx for acute angle closure glaucoma (2)
Beta blockers
| Apraclonidine
32
Systemic Rx for acute angle closure glaucoma
Acetazolamide
33
C/I Rx for angle closure glaucoma
Epinephrine
34
C/f of SSPE (4)
```
Dementia
Myoclonus
Epilepsy
Coma/death
—7 yrs post infection
```
35
Inheritance and prognosis of Tay Sachs disease
AR
prognosis: death by 4 years
36
Bx of Tay Sachs disease
Lysosomes with onion skin appearance
37
C/ f of adrenoleukodystrophy (5)
```
Young male with
Deteriorating vision
Hearing loss
Motor,cognitive deficits
Dementia
Adrenal insufficiency
```
—-lethal
38
Inheritance of adrenoleukodystrophy
X-linked
39
Pathophysiology of adrenoleukodystrophy
Mutation of ATP binding cassette transporter
40
Rx for adrenoleukodystrophy
Diet -lipids + steroids
41
Peripheral neuropathy and microcytic anemia is due to .......
Isoniazid toxicity
42
Criteria to evacuate subdural hematoma
If >10mm
If >5mm with midline shift
Mod-severe cognitive impairment
43
Hearing in patients with otosclerosis is seen with....
Noisy environment
44
Speech pattern of otosclerosis
Soft monotonous
45
Schtwarz sign is ass with..... define
Otosclerosis
Reddish hue in the tympanic membrane
46
Dx exam of otosclerosis shows .....
-ve rinne test
No lateralization in weber
BC>AC
47
Noise induced hearing loss s/o....
Sensorineural hearing loss
48
1st line antipsychotic drug is.....
Olanzapine
49
S/e of Risperidone (2)
Hyperprolactinemia
| Gynecomastia
50
S/e of chlorpromazine (2)
EPS, anticholinergic symptoms
51
ABG of Cushing’s syndrome
Hypokalemia
Hypernatremia
Metabolic alkalosis
52
Bx of CNS lymphoma s/0....
Large lymphocytes with irregular nuclei
53
Ct of vascular dementia shows....
Lacunar infarct in frontal region
| Hypodense periventricular regions
54
Pathophysiology of Sydenham’s chorea
Type 2 HS to strep Ab leading to I.F of basal ganglia and cortex
55
Pathophysiology of syringomelia
Injury to decussating fibers in cervical and upper thoracic cord
56
Paralysis of lower lip happens in ....
Injury to marginal mandibular br of facial nerve
Early complication of parotidectomy
57
Neuronal deficits seen in churg Strauss
Loss of ulnar sensation plus foot drop -mononeuritis multiplex
58
Rx of churg Strauss
GC
59
M.c cause of hypopituitarism in children is....
Craniopharyngioma
60
Complication of acromegaly
Ventricular hypertrophy —> decreased C.O
61
Risk factors of peripheral neuropathy
Compression stockings
62
Complication of acrondoplasia
Brain stem compression and spinal stenosis secondary to compression of foremen magnum
63
Rx of meningitis in different age groups
<1 month: ampicillin + cefotaxime
1 mo-50 yrs : vancomycin + 3rd gen cephalosporin
>50yrs: vanc+ 3rd gen cephalosporin + ampicillin
Immunocompromised: vanc+ amp+ cefepime\mero
Hospital acquired:
vanc + ceftazidime\cefepime/mero
64
When do you add dexamethasone to meningitis?
When you suspect pneumococcal/HiB meningitis
65
When you consider adding doxycycline to meningitis?
Tick bite in endemic areas
66
Bull’s eye maculopathy seen in......
Chloroquine retinopathy
67
S/e of phenytoin
Gingival hyperplasia
68
Drug associated with sedation, weight loss, kidney stones?
Topiramate
69
S/e of phenytoin (7)
1. Gingival hyperplasia
2. Hirsuitism,SJS
3. Megaloblastic anemia
4. Nystagmus
5. Ataxia
6. Peripheral neuropathy
70
How does aminoglycosides cause ototoxicity?
Damages cochlea, and hair cells
71
Which drugs increase likelihood of aminoglycoside toxicity?
Loop diuretics
72
C/f of cavernous sinus thrombosis (3)
Periorbital edema
CN 6 palsy
sinusitis
73
Rx for cavernous sinus thrombosis
Acute phase: heparinisation
| Ab Rx in infections
74
C/f of progressive supranuclear palsy? (8)
```
Parkinsonism +
vertical gaze palsy
External opthalmoparesis
Frontal lobe signs -apathy
Postural instability
Dysarthria, dysphagia, dementia
```
75
MRI of progressive supranuclear palsy
Hummingbird sign-
| midbrain atrophy + intact pons
76
C/f of neurocysticercosis (4)
Headache, blurry vision, seizures, myalgia
77
Examination of neurocysticercosis
Subretinal cysts
78
Dx of neurocysticercosis (2)
CSF: eosinophils
MRI: ring enhancing lesions
79
What is mulder’s sign?
Seen in Morton’s neuroma
| Pain and click when pressure is applied to sole of foot between metatarsal heads
80
Pathophysiology of Morton’s neuroma?
Entrapment/enlargement of one of the plantar digital nerves
81
Risk factors for Morton’s neuroma
Wearing high heel narrow shoes
82
C/f of spinal shock (3)
Flaccid areflexic paralysis
Hypotension
Bradycardia
83
Which reflex is absent in spinal shock?
Bulbocavernous reflex
84
Risk factors of interventricular hge
Maternal chorioamnionitis + hypoxia
85
Muscle biopsy of inclusion body myositis S/o ....
Vacuoles within muscle cells
86
Define CIDP
Symmetric motor and sensory deficits for 2 months
87
Pathophysiology of CIDP
GMI ganglioside auto ab
88
Rx of CIDP
Iv Ig, plasmapheresis + GC
89
Anomalies seems with cri du chat
Cardiac anomalies
90
Antidote for methanol poisoning
Fomepizole
91
Dx of methanol poisoning
Increased anion gap,
| increased osmolar gap
92
P/E of otitis media externa
Retracted TM
93
Recurrent otitis media externa causes.....
Rx for recurrent otitis media
Ventilation tube insertion
Conductive hearing loss
94
S/e of entacapone
Nausea, dyskinesia
95
MRI of cerebral palsy
Periventricular Leukomalacia
96
Dx test for neuroblastoma
Homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid in urine
97
M.c location of meningiomas (3)
Falx cerebri
Supratentorial convex surface
Sphenoidal wings
98
Examination of foster Kennedy syndrome (3)
I/L atrophy of left optic nerve
C/L papilledema
Anosomia
99
Cause of foster Kennedy syndrome
Frontal lobe tumors-m.c cause of meningiomas
100
C/f of oculomotor nerve palsy (3)
Ptosis
Abduction,
Depression with slight intorsion of affected eye.
101
Blood vessel spared in DM oculomotor nerve palsy
Supplying superficial parasm fibers
102
M.c cause of non purulent conjunctivitis
Adenovirus,HSV
103
M.c cause of b/l conjunctivitis
Adenovirus
104
M.c cause of U/L conjunctivitis
HSV-1: kids/ adults
| HSV-2: neonates
105
TORCH infection associated with pulmonary and hepatic granuloma
Listeria
106
Complications of maternal listeriosis (2)
Spontaneous abortion
| Preterm labor + chorioamnionitis
107
Sequels of uncal herniation
Midbrain displacement + cerebral peduncle
—->
I/L hemiparesis + UMN signs
108
Dx of lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy
Reproduce numbness by tapping on inguinal ligament
109
Drug that increases risk for PML
Natalizumab-> decrease lymphocyte migration in CNS
110
Pathophysiology of PML
Reactivation OF JC virus infection in CNS—>PML
111
Patient with ethylene glycol toxicity
AMS, Tachypnea,hypocalcemia —tetany
112
Dx of ethylene glycol toxicity
Oxalate crystals in urine
Hypocalcemia
Gap met acidosis
113
Rx for ethylene glycol toxicity
Fomepizole
H.D if severe metabolic/organ dysfunction
