Neuro Rehab

Question 1

Motor Learning: Cognitive Stage

Answer 1

• large amounts of errors
• inconsistent attempts
• repetition of effort allows for improvement strategies
• inconsistent performance
• learning, observing, processing feedback

Question 2

Motor Learning: Associative Stage

Answer 2

• decreased errors
• decreased need for concentration and cognition
• skill refinement
• increased coordination of movement

Question 3

Motor Learning: Autonomous Stage

Answer 3

• automatic response
• error-free regardless of environment
• automatic patterns of movement
• distraction does no impact the activity
• can perform more than one task simultaneously
• extrinsic feedback should be limited or not provided
• internal feedback or self-assessment should be dominant

Question 4

Intrinsic (inherent) feedback

Answer 4

all feedback that comes to the person through sensory systems as a result of movement including visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, and somatosensory inputs

Question 5

Extrinsic (augmented) feedback

Answer 5

represents the information that can be provided while a task of movement is in progress or subsequent to the movement. (Verbal or manual)

Question 6

Knowledge of results

Answer 6

terminal feedback regarding the outcome of a movement that has been performed in relation to the movement’s goals

Question 7

Knowledge of performance

Answer 7

relates to the actual movement pattern that someone used to achieve their goal movement

Question 8

Massed practice

Answer 8

time in trial is greater than the amount of rest between trials

Question 9

Distributed practice

Answer 9

the amount of rest time between trials is equal to or greater than the amount of practice time for each trial

Question 10

Constant practice

Answer 10

practice of a given task under a uniform condition

Question 11

Variable practice

Answer 11

practice of a given task under differing conditions

Question 12

Random practice

Answer 12

varying practice amongst different tasks

Question 13

Blocked practice

Answer 13

consistent practice of a single task

Question 14

Whole practice

Answer 14

practice of an entire task

Question 15

Part practice

Answer 15

practice of an individual component or selected components of a task

Question 16

Closed system model

Answer 16

transfer of information that incorporates multiple feedback loops and larger distribution of control.
- nervous system enables initiation of movement as opposed to “reacting” to stimuli

Question 17

Compensation

Answer 17

the ability to utilize alternate motor and sensory strategies due to an impairment that limits the normal completion of a task

Question 18

Habituation

Answer 18

the decrease in response that will occur as a result of consistent exposure to non-painful stimuli

Question 19

Learning

Answer 19

the process of acquiring knowledge about the world that leads to a relatively permanent change in a person’s capability to perform a skilled action

Question 20

Motor learning

Answer 20

the acquisition of, or modification of movement

Question 21

Motor program

Answer 21

a concept of a central motor pattern that can be activated by sensory stimuli or central processes.

Question 22

Open systems model

Answer 22

a single transfer of information without any feedback loop (reflexive hierarchical theory). The nervous system is seen as awaiting stimuli in order to react

Question 23

Performance

Answer 23

a temporary change in motor behavior seen during a particular session of practice that is a result of many variables, however only one variable is focusing on the act of learning.

Question 24

Plasticity

Answer 24

The ability to modify of change at a synapse level either temporarily or permanently in order to perform a particular function

Question 25

Postural control

Answer 25

the ability of the motor and sensory systems to stabilize position and control movement

Question 26

Recovery

Answer 26

The ability to utilize previous strategies to return to the same level of functioning

Question 27

Sensitization

Answer 27

the increase in response that will occur as a result of noxious stimulus

Question 28

Strategy

Answer 28

A plan used to produce a specific result or outcome that will influence the structure or system

Question 29

Closed Motor Skill

Answer 29

a skill that is performed under a stable and unchanging environment

Question 30

Knowledge of results

Answer 30

Providing the patient with external feedback regarding their performance of a task

Question 31

Open motor skill

Answer 31

a skill that is performed under a consistently changing environment

Question 32

Transfer of learning

Answer 32

an action cannot be separated from the environment that it is performed in. A patient must be able to transfer the skill or motor task to a different environment.

Question 33

Facilitation

Answer 33

a technique utilized to elicit voluntary muscular contraction

Question 34

Inhibition

Answer 34

a technique utilized to decrease excessive tone or movement

Question 35

Key points of control

Answer 35

specific handling of designated areas of the body (shoulder, pelvis, hand, and foot), will influence and facilitate posture, alignment, and control

Question 36

Placing

Answer 36

the act of moving an extremity into a position that the patient must hold against gravity

Question 37

reflex inhibiting posture

Answer 37

designated static positions that inhibit abnormal tonal influences and reflexes

Question 38

Associated reaction

Answer 38

an involuntary and automatic movement of a body part as a result of an intentional active or resistive movement in another body part

Question 39

Homolateral synkinesis

Answer 39

a flexion pattern of the involved upper extremity facilitates flexion of the involved lower extremity

Question 40

Limb synergies

Answer 40

a group of muscles that produce a predictable pattern of movement in flexion or extension patterns

Question 41

Raimiste's phenomenon

Answer 41

the involved lower extremity will abduct or adduct with applied resistance to the uninvolved lower extremity in the same direction

Question 42

Souques' phenomenon

Answer 42

raising the involved upper extremity above 100 degrees with elbow extension will produce extension and abduction of the fingers

Question 43

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 1

Answer 43

No volitional movement initiated

Question 44

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 2

Answer 44

the appearance of basic limb synergies and the beginning of spasticity

Question 45

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 3

Answer 45

The synergies are performed voluntarily; spasticity increases

Question 46

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 4

Answer 46

spasticity begins to decrease and movement patterns are not dictated solely by limb synergies

Question 47

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 5

Answer 47

A further decrease in spasticity is noted with independence from limb synergy patterns

Question 48

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 6

Answer 48

isolated joint movements are performed with coordination

Question 49

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 7

Answer 49

normal motor function is restored

Question 50

Chopping

Answer 50

a combination of bilateral upper extremity asymmetrical patterns performed as a closed chain activity

Question 51

Developmental sequence

Answer 51

a progression of a motor skill acquisition. The stages of motor control include mobility, stability, controlled mobility and skill

Question 52

Mass movement patterns

Answer 52

the hip, knee, and ankle move into flexion or extension simultaneously

Question 53

Overflow

Answer 53

muscle activation of an involved extremity due to intense action of an uninvolved muscle or group of muscles

Question 54

Levels of motor control: Mobility

Answer 54

the ability to initiate movement through a functional range of motion

Question 55

Levels of motor control: Stability

Answer 55

the ability to maintain a position or posture through co-contraction and tonic holding around a joint.

Question 56

Levels of motor control: Controlled Mobility

Answer 56

the ability to move within a weight bearing position or rotate around a long axis. (ex - weight shifting in quadruped)

Question 57

Levels of motor control: Skill

Answer 57

the ability to consistently perform functional tasks and manipulate the environment with normal postural reflex mechanisms and balance reactions. (ADLs and community locomotion)