Neuro Repair & Regeneration

Question 1

Endoneurium

Answer 1

Connective tissue layer that surrounds each individual axon in a peripheral nerve

Question 2

Macrophages

Answer 2

Cells that clear away debris after a nerve has been injured

Question 3

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)

Answer 3

Neurodegenerative condition that results from repeated hits to the head

Question 4

What is the rate at which peripheral nerves regrow?

Answer 4

1 mm/day or 1 inch/month

Question 5

Axonotmesis

Answer 5

Peripheral nerve injury where axon is disrupted but the myelin sheath is still intact

Question 6

Lesion to the optic chiasm

Answer 6

Causes heteronymous hemianopsia

Question 7

Lesion in subthalamic nucleus

Answer 7

Results in hemiballismus

Question 8

Decerebrate posturing

Answer 8

Rigid extension of the upper and lower extremities as seen in someone who is comatose and has a lesion in the brainstem just above the vestibular nucleus

Question 9

Damage to cerebellum

Answer 9

Associated with ataxia

Question 10

Lesion to one half of spinal cord

Answer 10

Results in brown sequard syndrome

Question 11

Syringomyelia

Answer 11

Cavitation of the central spinal cord

Question 12

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 12

Drooping eyelids, dysarthria, weakness with sustained activity

Question 13

Lesion to left frontal lobe (Broca’s area)

Answer 13

Patient understands what you say to them but cannot express themselves with speech

Question 14

Lesion to dorsal columns

Answer 14

Impaired fine touch, proprioception and vibration bilaterally, but pain and temperature sensation are normal

Question 15

Tumor of right vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 15

Gait unsteadiness and weakness of facial muscles on the right side
Decreased hearing on the right, drooping of the right corner of the mouth, inability to close right eye, difficulty chewing on right side

Question 16

Stroke impacting the right half of the cerebellum would result in symptoms on which side of the body

Answer 16

Right side

Question 17

Occlusion of which artery can result in aphasia

Answer 17

Left middle cerebral artery

Question 18

Stroke in thalamus

Answer 18

Results in pain and sensory loss throughout the body without motor symptoms

Question 19

Occlusion of which artery results in sensory and motor deficits in the contralateral foot and leg?

Answer 19

Anterior cerebral artery

Question 20

Internal capsule stroke

Answer 20

Purely motor symptoms in the face, upper and lower extremities

Question 21

Hemiballismus

Answer 21

Uncontrolled movements of proximal limb muscles

Question 22

Ataxia

Answer 22

Lack of coordination and balance

Question 23

Brown sequard syndrome

Answer 23

Ipsilateral loss of motor
Ipsilateral loss of fine discrimination, deep touch, proprioception, vibration
Contralateral loss of pain, temperature, crude touch

Question 24

Decorticate posturing

Answer 24

Flexed upper extremities, extended lower extremities, clenched fists

Question 25

What structure is damaged/involved with Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 25

Substantial nigra (pars compacta)

Question 26

What structure is damaged/involved with Huntington’s disease?

Answer 26

D2 receptors in striatum along indirect pathway

Question 27

Inferior and medial portion of the front brain is supplied by which artery

Answer 27

Anterior cerebral artery

Question 28

The lateral areas of the cortex are supplied by which artery?

Answer 28

Middle cerebral artery

Question 29

The inferior and medial portion of the hindbrain is supplied by which artery

Answer 29

Posterior cerebral artery