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NEURO Reviewer Flashcards

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1
Q

Facial processing is in this pathway

A

Parvocellular

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2
Q

Recognition & discrimination of visual shapes & objects

A

Ventral

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3
Q

Spatial awareness

A

Dorsal

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4
Q

Also known as “Where” stream

A

Dorsal

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5
Q

It is only in this part of the visual pathway that impulses from corresponding points of two retinal meet

A

Visual Cortex

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6
Q

Information from the contralateral eye goes to what layer?

A

Layers 1,4,6

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7
Q

These layers of LGN receive signals that travel by the parvocellular pathway

A

Layer 3-6

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8
Q

Flattened structure above pituitary fossa

A

Optic chiasma

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9
Q

This type of fibes passes straight into temporal part of optic disc

A

Macular Fibers

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10
Q

This is responsible for the visually-guided behavior

A

Dorsal

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11
Q

Large cells pass to through this pathway

A

Magnocellular

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12
Q

This is in charge for the movement perception

A

Magnocellular

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13
Q

Lesion this part will result to congruous homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

A

Visual Cortex

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14
Q

Lesions on this part will give rise to incongruous homonymous hemianopia

A

Optic Tracts

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15
Q

Bitemporal & Binasal hemianopia could be seen if the px has a lesion on this part

A

Optic Chiasma

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16
Q

It is also known as the “What” stream

A

Ventral

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17
Q

Pie on the sky type of defect could be seen if this area has a lesion

A

Optic Radiations

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18
Q

Baums & Meyers loop are both alternative name of this

A

Optic Radiations

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19
Q

These fibers pass above & below as arcuate fibers

A

Temporal Fibers

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20
Q

Lesions of this area will lead to congruous homonymous macular defect

A

Visual Cortex

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21
Q

Triad of Horner’s syndrome

A
  • Miosis
  • Ptosis
  • Anhidrosis
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22
Q

2 major muscles responsible for pupil reactions

A
  • Dilator pupillae muscle
  • Sphincter pupillae muscle
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23
Q

3 types of Reflexes

A
  • Light reflex
  • Near reflex
  • Darkness reflex
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24
Q

Synkinesis of near reflex

A
  • Accommodation
  • Convergence
  • Miosis
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25
Enumerate the Afferent Pathway Defects
- Total Afferent Pathway Defect (TAPD) - Relative Afferent Pathway Defect (RAPD)
26
Enumerate Efferent Pathway Defects
- Adie's Tonic Pupil - Argyll Robertson Pupil (ARP) - Horner's syndrome (Oculosympathetic Paresis)?
27
less common type of hemorrhagic stoke
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
28
second type of hemorrhagic stroke
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
29
most common type of hemorrhagic stroke
Intracerebral hemorrhage
30
fatty deposits form a clot
Plaque
31
medical term for severely reduced blood flow
Ischemia
32
medical term for tissue death
Infarction
33
heyperextension
Coup injury
34
brain moves backward
Countercoup injury
35
mechanically induced & occur at the moment of injury
Primary injury
36
classification of TBI, isolated to one specific area of the brain
Focal Injury
37
leading cause of death & disability in children/adults from 1-44 y/o
TBI
38
A typical cluster HA lasts
4-8 weeks
39
spreading front of tingling & numbness, from one body part to another
Sensory aura
40
A migraine theory, pain results from muscular tension
Second theory
41
In biochemical changes theory, which neurotransmitter is released
Serotonin
42
Primary HA Syndrome
- Tension type HA - Migraine - Trigeminal Neuralgia - Cluster HA
43
Triggers of Migraine (4S-2F-2M-2C-THOP)
Stress Strong odors Smoking Sleep changes Flashing lights Fatigue Menstruation Menopause Chocolate Caffeine Tyramine Hunger Oral contraceptives Pregnancy
44
Classification of TBI
- Closed brain injury - Open brain injury
45
General classification of stroke
- Ischemic stroke - Hemorrhagic stroke
46
defined by a difference in the size of the two pupils of 0.4mm or greater
Anisocoria
47
A lesion in this part produces subtle & transient anisocoria
Midbrain
48
Voluntary fixation
Premotor cortical region of Frontal lobe
49
Involuntary fixation
Secondary visual area in Occipital cortex
50
quick, ballistic eye movement that allows us to change fixation point from one target to another
Saccade / Saccadic movement
51
visually guided movements & after catch-up saccade, eyes can track the target smoothly
Pursuit movement
52
necessary interval between the onset of the target & onset of the eye movement for target fixation
200ms
53
both eyes are in adduction
Convergence
54
far objects fixation
Divergence
55
Horizontal gaze center
Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF)
56
controls horizontal movement of the eyes
PPRF
57
Vertical gaze center is located in
Mesencephalon
58
concerned with intentional saccades to the opposite (contralateral) direction
Frontal eye fields
59
If this is damaged, the px cannot look to the right side if asked
Left frontal eye field
60
generate express saccades that are not associated with planned movements of the eyes
Superior colliculus
61
in charge of your thought process
Frontal lobe
62
receives & identify sensory information
Parietal lobe
63
controls the release of most hormones
Pituitary gland
64
in charge of your body temp, hunger, and thirst
Hypothalamus
65
lets you perceive things like touch, taste & pain
Parietal lobe
66
in charge of your auditory process
Temporal lobe
67
controls your breathing, heartbeat, facial expressions, etc
Brainstem
68
interprets visual images
Occipital lobe
69
helps you coordinate when you move
Cerebellum
70
helps you make long-term memories
Hippocampus
71
where voluntary motor ability starts
Frontal lobe
72
this lobe is in charge of your sensory & motor perception
Parietal lobe
73
where decision making, initiation of plans, and termination of actions takes place
Frontal lobe
74
lobe in charge of your vision
Occipital lobe
75
this lobe is in charge of language comprehension
Temporal lobe
76
Superior Rectus: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Action
Primary: Elevation Secondary: Incyclotorsion Tertiary: Adduction
77
Inferior Rectus: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Action
Primary: Depression Secondary: Excyclotorsion Tertiary: Adduction
78
Medial Rectus: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Action
Primary: Adduction Secondary: None Tertiary: None
79
Lateral Rectus: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Action
Primary: Abduction Secondary: None Tertiary: None
80
Inferior Oblique: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Action
Primary: Excyclotorsion Secondary: Elevation Tertiary: Abduction
81
Superior Oblique: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Action
Primary: Incyclotorsion Secondary: Depression Tertiary: Abduction
82
What muscles for dilation & constriction
Dilator pupillae - dilation Sphincter pupillae - constriction

P3 (11 decks)

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